POTENTIAL OF CELLULASE OF CHAETOMIUM GLOBOSUM FOR PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE FROM WATER HYACINTH (EICHHORNIA CRASSIPES)

Herman Suryadi,Arry Yanuar,Yulianita Pratiwi Indah Lestari,Mirajunnisa Mirajunnisa

doi:10.22159/ijap.2019v11i4.31081

Herman Suryadi, Arry Yanuar + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2019v11i4.31081

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Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to increase the yield of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) made from water hyacinth ɑ-cellulose by enzymatic hydrolysis by using purified enzyme and to find it’s characteristics compared to the reference. Methods: In this research, MCC was prepared from water hyacinth powder through the chemical isolation process of ɑ-cellulose, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis with purified cellulase from Chaetomium globosum. The yield of MCC was improved by using purified enzyme and optimization of temperature, pH, and hydrolysis time. Identification was carried out by using ZnCl and infrared spectrophotometry, followed by characterization of MCC include particle size analysis (PSA) and diffractogram pattern (X-Ray Diffraction) compared to reference Avicel PH 101. Results: Purified enzyme from Chaetomium globosum has high activity with a clear zone area of 45 mm with cellulolytic index 6.5 that almost same as Trichoderma reesei (50 mm), with the cellulase enzyme activity of 6.691 U/ml. The optimum condition was at a temperature of 50⁰C and pH 6.0 with the hydrolysis time of 2 h, which produced 95% yield of MCC. Identification with ZnCl and FTIR spectrum showed positive results, similar to the reference. The results of organoleptic test, particle size analysis, and diffractogram pattern (X-Ray Diffraction) showed crystalline characteristic similar to reference (Avicel PH 101). Conclusion: Enzyme from Chaetomium globosum has a higher activity of cellulase than Trichoderma reesei with MCC obtained was 95%. Based on the comparison of the organoleptic test, particle size analysis, and diffractogram pattern, MCC from water hyacinth has a great potential which showed similar characteristic to reference (Avicel pH 101).

Highlights

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is a weed plant in water areas that live floating on deep water
This paper reports the preparation of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) from water hyacinth powder using an enzymatic method which used an enzyme derived from the mold which was compared with Avicel PH 101
Cellulase is an enzyme consist of 3 components: 1) Endoglucanase or known as 1,4ɑ-D-glucan-4-glucanohydrolase, has functions to randomly hydrolyze the amorphous part of cellulose fibers to produce oligosaccharides of different lengths and new cellulose chain ends will be formed [19]; 2) Exoglucanase, including 1,4-ɑ-D-glucan-4glucanohydrolase and 1,4-ɑ-D-glucancellobiohydrolase, breaks down cellulose from the reducing and non-reducing ends to produce cellobiose and/or glucose[20]; and 3) β-glucoside glucohydrolases better known as β-glucosidase. β-glucosidase is an enzyme used to hydrolyze cellobiose and in some cases can hydrolyze cellooligosaccharides to glucose[20]

Summary

Introduction

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is a weed plant in water areas that live floating on deep water. Water hyacinth has high growth speed, because of it’s rapid growth, the water hyacinth can cover the surface of the water and cause problems in the environment, so this plant is considered a weed that can damage the aquatic environment. Water hyacinth was known to have high cellulose content, namely 60% cellulose, 8% hemicellulose, and 17% lignin [1]. Cellulose that produced from water hyacinth has the potential for the manufacture of MCC [2]. The enzymatic hydrolysis process is more interesting when viewed from energy use because it can be carried out at low temperatures, while chemical hydrolysis requires high temperatures and uses chemicals that can pollute the environment, but enzymatic hydrolysis takes longer [4]

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