Abstract
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), and stainless steel (SS) are commonly used in medicine and food production technologies. During contact with microorganisms on the surface of these materials, a microbial biofilm is formed. The biofilm structure is difficult to remove and promotes the development of pathogenic bacteria. For this reason, the inhibition of biofilm formation in medical and food production environments is very important. For this purpose, five naturally occurring compounds were used for antimicrobial screening tests. The two with the best antimicrobial properties were chosen to inhibit the biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. After 3 days of exposure, thymol reduced the amount of biofilm of Pseudomonas aeruginosa within the range of 70–77% and 52–75% for Staphylococcus aureus. Carvacrol inhibited the formation of biofilms by up to 74–88% for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and up to 86–100% for Staphylococcus aureus. Those phenols decreased the enzyme activity of the biofilm by up to 40–100%. After 10 days of exposure to thymol, biofilm formation was reduced by 80–100% for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and by about 79–100% for Staphylococcus aureus. Carvacrol reduced the amount of biofilm by up to 91–100% for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and up to 95–100% for Staphylococcus aureus.
Highlights
Bacteria, in order to protect themselves from harmful environmental factors, are capable of creating multicellular structures generated by extracellular polymeric substances called biofilm [1,2,3]
Some of the biofilm formations involve potentially pathogenic strains (e.g., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus) that can lead us to difficult-to-treat infections [12,13,14]
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Summary
In order to protect themselves from harmful environmental factors, are capable of creating multicellular structures generated by extracellular polymeric substances called biofilm [1,2,3]. Biofilm adhesion depends on the physicochemical properties of medical materials, which are mostly their hydrophilicity and surface charge [10] Both spoilage (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecium, Micrococcus spp.) and pathogenic microorganisms (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus) can participate in the biofilm formation process [11]. Some of the biofilm formations involve potentially pathogenic strains (e.g., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus) that can lead us to difficult-to-treat infections [12,13,14]. P. aeruginosa strains are often the cause of opportunistic infections in cases of human chronic and immunosuppressive conditions [12,14] Those infections can be difficult to treat because they are often associated with a high incidence of antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation [15]. TThhee aaiimm of tthheepprreesseennttstsutuddyyisistotdoedteertmerimneintehethinehiinbhitibointieofnfeecftfoecf tthoef nthateurnaaltucormalcpoomupnodusnpdrsepserensteinnt iensseesnsetinatliaolilosil(si.(ei.,e.e, ueguegnenolol(F(Figiguurere11aa)),,tthhyymmool (Figure 11bb)),,ccaarrvvaaccrorol l (F(Figiguurere1c1)c,)g, ugauiaciaoclo(Fl i(gFuigreu1red), dan),datnradntsr-anse-tahnoelt(hFoiglu(rFeig1ue)r)eo1net)h)eodnevtheelodpemveenlot pomf tesnttedof mteisctreodormgaicnriosomrgs,aannisdm, sfi,naanldly,,ftionaelvlya,lutoateevtahlueaetfefetchteoeffftehcytmoof lth(Fyimguolre(F1ibg)uarend1bc)aarvnadccroarl(Fviagcurorel (1Fci)gounreb1iocfi) lomn bfoiormfilamtiofonromnateiocnhnoincatle/cahbniioctaicl/asubriofaticces.urfaces
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