Potential of Brewer's Spent Grain as a Potential Replacement of Wood in pMDI, UF or MUF Bonded Particleboard.

Marius Cătălin Barbu,Zeno Montecuccoli,Eugenia Mariana Tudor,Ulrike Barbeck,Alexander Petutschnigg,Jakob Förg,Petr Klímek

doi:10.3390/polym13030319

Marius Cătălin Barbu, Zeno Montecuccoli + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13030319

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Abstract

Brewer’s spent grain (BSG) is the richest by-product (85%) of the beer-brewing industry, that can be upcycled in a plentiful of applications, from animal feed, bioethanol production or for removal of heavy metals from wastewater. The aim of this research is to investigate the mechanical, physical and structural properties of particleboard manufactured with a mixture of wood particles and BSG gradually added/replacement in 10%, 30% and 50%, glued with polymeric diisocyanate (pMDI), urea-formaldehyde (UF) and melamine urea-formaldehyde (MUF) adhesives. The density, internal bond, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, screw withdrawal resistance, thickness swelling and water absorption were tested. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy anaylsis was carried out to analyze the structure of the panels after the internal bond test. Overall, it was shown that the adding of BSG decreases the mechanical performance of particleboard, due to reduction of the bonding between wood and BSG particles. This decrease has been associated with the structural differences proven by SEM inspection. Interaction of particles with the adhesive is different for boards containing BSG compared to those made from wood. Nevertheless, decrease in the mechanical properties was not critical for particleboards produced with 10% BSG which could be potentially classified as a P2 type, this means application in non-load-bearing panel for interior use in dry conditions, with high dimensional stability and stiffness.

Highlights

The richest renewable resource worldwide is the lignocellulosic biomass [1]
The aim of this research is to investigate the mechanical, physical and structural properties of particleboard manufactured with a mixture of wood particles and Brewer’s spent grain (BSG) gradually added/replacement in 10%, 30% and 50%, glued with polymeric diisocyanate, urea-formaldehyde (UF) and melamine urea-formaldehyde (MUF) adhesives
Decrease in the mechanical properties was not critical for particleboards produced with 10% BSG which could be potentially classified as a P2 type, this means application in non-load-bearing panel for interior use in dry conditions, with high dimensional stability and stiffness

Summary

Introduction

The richest renewable resource worldwide is the lignocellulosic biomass [1]. It includes wood residues from tree pruning, bark, wood shavings [2], wood processing residues [3], and food farming residues and agricultural and food waste [4].The waste of a company is the raw material of another [5]. The richest renewable resource worldwide is the lignocellulosic biomass [1] It includes wood residues from tree pruning, bark, wood shavings [2], wood processing residues [3], and food farming residues and agricultural and food waste [4]. In the manufacture of beer, are generated different residues and by-products They include spent grains, spent hops and surplus yeast [8]. It should be considered that wet brewer’s grains are decaying quick, are voluminous and contain large amounts of water and the transport costs should be not neglected [12] For this reason, their distribution is limited to a radius of

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