Abstract
Plant-microbial interactions are important determinants of crop and soil health. Microbial inoculants, viz. Azotobacter, Azospirillum, Rhizobium, Pseudomonas and Bacillus, have been commonly employed for increasing plant growth and crop yields and improving soil health in rice, wheat, legumes, vegetables and other cropping systems. Around the world, different bacterial isolates have proven their abilities to improve plant growth through colonization of roots, production of plant hormones (such as indole acetic acid, cytokinins), biological nitrogen fixation, organic matter decomposition, solubilization, transformation and mobilization of nutrients and improve fertility of soil, besides controlling plant diseases. This compilation critically analyses the advantages of such biological inputs particularly bacteria, emphasizing their roles and the need to augment the incorporation of such biological inputs by gradually restricting the use of chemical inputs by employing suitable combinations of useful microbes for chemical-free sustainable agricultural production.
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