Abstract
ABSTRACT The root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) is one of the main pests of lettuce due to the crop’s high susceptibility, unavailability of registered nematicides and lack of resistant cultivars. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of aqueous extracts of ten basidiomycete fungi for root-knot nematode control (in vitro and in vivo) on lettuce. The aqueous extracts of these fungi were initially evaluated in vitro in relation to their nematostatic and nematicidal activity. All extracts inhibited the hatching of second-stage juveniles of nematodes. The extracts that provided the highest mortality index (Pleurotus ostreatus, P. citrinopileatus, P. pulmonarius and Boletus sp.) were applied in pots containing autoclaved and infested soil with root-knot nematode. After 24 h, one lettuce seedling (cv. Regina) per pot was transplanted using soil treated with distilled water as control. After 50 days, we observed that soil treated with fungal extracts reduced, approximately, 70% of nematode reproduction. Plants treated with extracts obtained higher fresh mass and extracts of Boletus sp. and P. pulmonarius reduced damages to roots, being considered as potential bio-controllers of this nematode.
Highlights
Os nematoides das galhas (Meloidogyne incognita) estão entre as principais pragas da alface em função da elevada suscetibilidade da cultura, indisponibilidade de nematicidas e carência de cultivares resistentes
As plantas tratadas com extratos obtiveram maior massa fresca e os extratos de Boletus sp. e P. pulmonarius reduziram os danos às raízes, sendo considerados potenciais biocontroladores desse nematoide
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is the most consumed leafy vegetable in Brazil (ABCSEM, 2016) and is of great economic importance (Lima et al, 2008), mainly for family farming, since this crop is grown in small areas and contributes for generating direct jobs
Summary
Os nematoides das galhas (Meloidogyne incognita) estão entre as principais pragas da alface em função da elevada suscetibilidade da cultura, indisponibilidade de nematicidas e carência de cultivares resistentes. Avaliar o potencial de extratos aquosos de dez diferentes basidiomicetos no controle de nematoides das galhas in vitro e in vivo na cultura da alface. Os extratos que proporcionaram maiores índices de mortalidade (Pleurotus ostreatus, P. citrinopileatus, P. pulmonarius e Boletus sp.), foram aplicados em vasos com solo autoclavado e infestado com nematoides das galhas. Evaluating alternative strategies, such as biological control, in order to make production in areas infested with these pathogens viable, is essential. In this context, the fungi are among the main biological agents used in the management of phytoparasitic nematodes (Li et al, 2007), including Meloidogyne species (Swe, 2011; Degenkolb & Vilcinskas, 2016a,b). Several nematicidal-action substances were isolated from basidiomycetes, including different fatty acids produced by species of Pleurotus (Li et al, 2007); the efficiency of these fungi was previously demonstrated, reducing galls on tomato plants (Putzke et al, 2007)
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