Abstract
Pea and common vetch have been successfully grown for green forage and forage dry matter production, with yields higher than 30 t ha-1 of green forage and 7 t ha-1 of forage dry matter. Pea and faba bean have the greatest potential as feed annual legumes, with more than 5,000 kg ha-1 and harvest indexes of nearly 0.50. When cut in the stages of full flowering and first pods forming, the average crude protein content of forage dry matter in most annual legumes ranges about 200 g kg-1. Although most modern cultivars of pea contain between 250 and 270 g kg-1 of crude proteins of grain dry matter, they are characterized by a rather low content of antinutritive factors. Forage dry matter of annual legumes may be regarded as rich in lysine, with 13.9 g kg-1 in hairy vetch and 12.7 g kg-1 in common vetch. It is notable that Narbonne vetch (Vicia narbonensis L.) is rather rich in lysine, with average values of more than 20 g kg--1, closely followed by grass pea, with average values of nearly 20 g kg--1. Common vetch, Narbonne vetch and pea have higher content of methionine in comparison to other annual legumes such as grass pea and lentil.
Highlights
Annual legumes are utilised in the form of green forage, forage dry matter, forage meal, grain, straw, silage, haylage, while some of them are suitable for grazing as well (Mihailović et al, 2007c)
These species represent excellent sources of green manure in the modern trends such as sustainable agriculture and organic farming (Ćupina et al, 2004). It is the Near Eastern and Mediterranean centres that are the primary centres of the majority of annual legume species, including chickpea, grass pea (Lathyrus odoratus L.) and other vetchlings (Lathyrus spp.), lentil, lupins, pea and vetches, while pigeon pea, hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus Sweet) and cowpea originate form the African centre and faba bean from the Central Asian centre of diversity (Zeven & Zhukovsky, 1975)
Pea and common vetch have been successfully grown for green forage and forage dry matter production for centuries in many regions with temperate climate, with yields higher than 30 t ha-1 of green forage and 7 t ha-1 of forage dry matter in most years
Summary
Pea and common vetch have been successfully grown for green forage and forage dry matter production for centuries in many regions with temperate climate, with yields higher than 30 t ha-1 of green forage and 7 t ha-1 of forage dry matter in most years. Among the traditional Serbian annual legumes, it is faba bean that can produce more than 40 t ha-1 of green forage and more than 10 t ha-1 of forage dry matter, while hairy vetch is of similar performance to pea or common vetch (Table 2). With yields of more than 25 t ha-1 of green forage and about 8 t ha-1 of forage dry matter in the conditions of Serbia, sub-tropical species such as cowpea and pigeon pea can provide animal husbandry with quality forage during summer. Pea and faba bean have the greatest potential as feed annual legumes, with more than 5,000 kg ha-1 and harvest indexes of nearly 0.50 (Table 3). Grass pea represents the most promising of the neglected and nearly forgotten grain legumes in Serbia
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