Abstract
Among the various systemic reactions against infection or injury, the acute phase response is the cascade of reaction and mostly coordinated by cytokines-mediated acute phase proteins (APPs) production. Since APPs are sensitive innate immune molecules, they are useful for early detection of inflammation in bovines and believed to be better discriminators than routine hematological parameters. Therefore, the possibility of using APPs as a diagnostic and prognostic marker of inflammation in major bovine health disorders including postpartum uterine infection has been explored by many workers. In this review, we discussed specifically importance of postpartum uterine infection, the role of energy balance in uterine infections and potential of APPs as a predictor of postpartum uterine infections during the transition period and its regulatory mechanism in dairy cattle.
Highlights
The incidence of uterine infections in cows has been reported between 10% and 50% with 10-20% of metritis, 15% of clinical endometritis, and 15% of subclinical endometritis [1,2,3]
The cytokines are believed to play an important role in neutrophil migration and clearance of pathogens, higher or excessive expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines are often associated with greater inflammation during the 1st or 2nd week postpartum [27,28], while their lower expression in the endometrium immediately after calving impaired the chemotaxis and activation of neutrophils which leads to development of endometritis in cows [12]
Kasimanickam et al [31] found that cows with metritis or clinical endometritis had higher serum concentrations of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 compared to normal cows and suggested that loss of body conditions mediated increases in cytokines and thereby prolonged the uterine inflammation in dairy cows
Summary
The incidence of uterine infections in cows has been reported between 10% and 50% with 10-20% of metritis, 15% of clinical endometritis, and 15% of subclinical endometritis [1,2,3]. An impairment of immune functions during the peri-partum period has an important role in determining whether an animal develops postpartum uterine disease or not.
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