Abstract
Persistence of antibacterial drugs for prolonged period in milk increases the probability of antimicrobial resistance progress. Ceftizoxime was found to be excreted in milk for a prolonged period in goats, cows and buffaloes following intravenous injection of ceftriaxone and ceftizoxime. A single dose of ceftriaxone was administered intravenously in healthy control goats (group I) and a single oral dose of the commercial mammary protective polyherbal drug (1.9 gm) was given one hour prior to intravenous ceftriaxone injection in healthy (group II) and induced mastitic (group III) goats to evaluate milk disposition of ceftizoxime following single intravenous dosing of ceftriaxone at 42.25 mg kg−1.Ceftriaxone/ceftizoxime was analyzed by HPLC. The t1/2α and t1/2β values were 14.755 ± 2.733 and 149.079 ± 18.565 hour, respectively indicating prolonged persistence of ceftizoxime in milk. The polyherbal drug increased the milk concentration at later hours and hastened the excretion of ceftizoxime from milk compared to control group. Ceftriaxone could not be detected in milk. The study suggested that adjunct single or repeated therapy of the polyherbal drug may cause non persistence of ceftriaxone and shorter persistence of ceftizoxime in milk.
Highlights
Mastitis, a menace with serious concern in dairy industry, is responsible for significant economic losses due to reduced milk yield, milk discard after treatment (9%), cost of veterinary services (7%) and premature culling (14%)[1]
Reabsorption of ceftriaxone could not be deteted in goats following single dose intravenous administration of only ceftriaxone at 50 mg kg−1 as well as at 42.25 mg kg−1 and in cows at lower dose rate also[6] which might be due to optimum induction of cytochrome P450 in liver by ceftriaxone with subsequent rapid metabolism as a result of cent percent bioavailability
Ceftizoxime showed uniformity in dispositional pattern starting from 168 hr post dosing to 360 hr post dosing in milk of healthy goats and from 168 hr post dosing to 336 hr post dosing in milk of mastitic goats in presence of the polyherbal drug indicating that the inflammation of mammary gland after a certain period may not influence the effect of the polyharbal drug on disposition of ceftizoxime in milk
Summary
A menace with serious concern in dairy industry, is responsible for significant economic losses due to reduced milk yield (up to70%), milk discard after treatment (9%), cost of veterinary services (7%) and premature culling (14%)[1]. Ceftriaxone was found to be converted to a major active metabolite i.e. ceftizoxime (another third generation cephalosporin) after induction of cytochrome P450 in liver following a single dose intravenous administration that persisted for a longer period in milk of goats[5]. Longer persistence of ceftizoxime in milk (at least 96 hr) of goat and cow following a single parenteral injection starting from early time of collection is a clear indication for intravenous administration of ceftriaxone at a higher dose rate[5,6]. It can be expected that the polyherbal drug will enhance excretion of ceftizoxime from milk compartment shortening the persistence of eftizoxime residue in milk after achieving higher concentration for a certain period of time during the late hours following single intravenous dosing of ceftriaxone. ® of mammary gland protective herbal drug (Fibrosin ) with another aim to evaluate whether the polyherbal can help to conserve both the antibiotics as effective one
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