Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common and most diagnosed cancers in the world. There are many predisposing factors, for example, genetic predisposition, smoking, or a diet rich in red, processed meat and poor in vegetables and fruits. Probiotics may be helpful in the prevention of cancer and may provide support during treatment. The main aim of this study is to characterize the potential mechanisms of action of probiotics, in particular the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer. Probiotics’ potential mechanisms of action are, for example, modification of intestinal microbiota, improvement of colonic physicochemical conditions, production of anticancerogenic and antioxidant metabolites against carcinogenesis, a decrease in intestinal inflammation, and the production of harmful enzymes. The prevention of colorectal cancer is associated with favorable quantitative and qualitative changes in the intestinal microbiota, as well as changes in metabolic activity and in the physicochemical conditions of the intestine. In addition, it is worth noting that the effect depends on the bacterial strain, as well as on the dose administered.
Highlights
Cancer is a disease that is characterized by the uncontrolled division and survival of abnormal cells
Too little data is currently available on the optimal number of viable probiotic bacteria that should be recommended for both treatment and prevention of cancer
The number of probiotic bacteria consumed is an important factor to obtain a high concentration of bacteria in various sections of the digestive tract, The concentration of probiotics should be greater than or equal to 106 CFU/ml in the small intestine and 108 colony-forming unit per gram (CFU/g) in the large intestine, Concentration in the colon has been proposed because, in justified cases, it can be expected that the bacterial flora is more likely to be more active than the flora present at lower levels
Summary
Cancer is a disease that is characterized by the uncontrolled division and survival of abnormal cells. It has immunomodulatory effects and can strengthen the immune defense of the host by inducing IL–12 (interleukin 12) production through phagocytes It supports the treatment of colorectal cancer, decreases the activity of the fecal enzymes, and protects against mutagens from food, Lactobacillus fermentum NCIMB 5221 is potentially able to modulate hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. It has an antiproliferative effect, Weissella cibaria JW15 strengthens the function of the immune system by increasing the activity of NK cells (Natural Killer Cells), Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. In connection with the above, the purpose of the work is to characterize the potential mechanisms of probiotics, in particular in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer, and to present information available in selected literature about probiotics and the potential therapeutic dose
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