Abstract
The depletion of fossil fuels and rising global warming challenges encourage to find safe and viable energy storage and delivery technologies. Hydrogen is a clean, efficient energy carrier in various mobile fuel-cell applications and owned no adverse effects on the environment and human health. However, hydrogen storage is considered a bottleneck problem for the progress of the hydrogen economy. Liquid-organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) are organic substances in liquid or semi-solid states that store hydrogen by catalytic hydrogenation and dehydrogenation processes over multiple cycles and may support a future hydrogen economy. Remarkably, hydrogen storage in LOHC systems has attracted dramatically more attention than conventional storage systems, such as high-pressure compression, liquefaction, and absorption/adsorption techniques. Potential LOHC media must provide fully reversible hydrogen storage via catalytic processes, thermal stability, low melting points, favorable hydrogenation thermodynamics and kinetics, large-scale availability, and compatibility with current fuel energy infrastructure to practically employ these molecules in various applications. In this review, we present various considerable aspects for the development of ideal LOHC systems. We highlight the recent progress of LOHC candidates and their catalytic approach, as well as briefly discuss the theoretical insights for understanding the reaction mechanism.
Highlights
Energy is crucial for development of the modern world
Media must provide fully reversible hydrogen storage via catalytic processes, thermal stability, low melting points, favorable hydrogenation thermodynamics and kinetics, large-scale availability, and compatibility with current fuel energy infrastructure to practically employ these molecules in various applications
This review focuses on a brief description of Liquid-organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) characteristic properties from a thermodynamic point of view
Summary
Energy is crucial for development of the modern world. So far, most energy requirements are fulfilled by fossil-based fuels. The high gravimetric and volumetric storage of hydrogen in small organic molecules have shown significant promise due to their numerous advantages, such as easy and clean energy storage without any concept-induced leakages, compatibility with present transport and refueling infrastructures, as well as operation under ambient conditions (pressure or temperature). Containing aromatic compounds well-suited for better hydrogen storage on thermodynamic It should be compatible withare existing fuel infrastructure and have low based production costs. Following the MCH system research, numerous LOHC concepts have been assessed based on hydrogenation and dehydrogenation criteria for hydrogen storage. Muller et al proposed that nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds are well-suited for better hydrogen storage based on Energies 2020, 13, x FOR PEER REVIEW thermodynamic evaluation [39], emphasized by their enthalpy changes during hydrogenation. Contributions regarding catalytic aspects for hydrogenation and dehydrogenation of LOHCs have been discussed [46].been fundamental catalytic aspects for hydrogenation and dehydrogenation of LOHCs have discussed [46]
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