Abstract
The BIRC5 gene encodes a survivin protein belonging to class III of inhibitors of apoptosis, IAP. This protein serves a dual role. First, it regulates cell death, and second, it is an important regulator of mitosis progression, although its physiological regulatory function has not been fully understood. Many studies have shown and confirmed that survivin is practically absent in mature tissues in nature, while its overexpression has been reported in many cancerous tissues. There is little information about the significance of BIRC5 expression in normal adult human stem cells. This paper presents the study and analysis of survivin expression at the transcription level using qPCR method, in hematopoietic stem cells from peripheral blood mobilized with a granulocyte growth factor, adherent cells derived from the umbilical cord, and normal bone marrow stem cells. The expression of this gene was also examined in the blood of normal healthy individuals. The results of the analysis have shown that the more mature the cells are, the lower the expression of the BIRC5 gene is. The lowest expression has been found in peripheral blood cells, while the highest in normal bone marrow cells. The more the CD34+ and CD105 cells in the tested material are, the higher the BIRC5 expression is. Stem cells from cell culture show higher BIRC5 expression. The study confirms the involvement of BIRC5 from the IAP family in many physiological processes apart from apoptosis inhibition. The possible effect of BIRC5 on cell proliferation; involvement in cell cycle, cell differentiation, survival, and maintenance of stem cells; and the possible effect of IAP on the antineoplastic properties of mesenchymal stem cells have been demonstrated. Our research suggests that BIRC5 may be responsible for the condition of stem cell pluripotency and its high expression may also be responsible for the dedifferentiation of tumor cells.
Highlights
Inhibitors of apoptosis (IAP) are a family of proteins and genes whose primary function is to block cell death in response to a variety of stimuli
The tested material consisted of stem cells and normal cells collected from a group of 131 patients; among them, 43 patients are from the Chair and Department of Haematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Independent Public Clinical Hospital No 1 in Lublin, hospitalized between 2014 and 2016, in remission who had previously suffered from hematologic illnesses and provided samples of hematopoietic stem cells from peripheral blood which underwent mobilization through granulocyte growth factor sampled using leukapheresis method. 60 patients are from the Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Independent Public Clinical Hospital No 1 in Lublin, hospitalized between 2014 and 2016, and provided samples of umbilical cords
The research has shown that BIRC5 demonstrates expression at the transcription level in all trials, in the umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells derived from bone marrow and peripheral blood, and normal blood cells
Summary
Inhibitors of apoptosis (IAP) are a family of proteins and genes whose primary function is to block cell death in response to a variety of stimuli. Eight proteins from the IAP family (NAIP, cIAP1, cIAP2, XIAP, survivin, BRUCE, ML-IAP, and ILP2) have been identified in humans. They interact with many factors, including the ability to regulate and directly bind caspases, whose activation is inevitable in the correct process of apoptosis. Many human types of cancer have been reported to have increased expression of genes and proteins in the IAP family, in many cases having a negative correlation with the clinical condition of the patient, which in turn makes them an attractive target for antineoplastic therapy. The role of IAP proteins and their physiological functions are not fully understood. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity apart from their involvement in pathways of apoptosis, they play their role in cell differentiation, proliferation, signaling, and immune response [1,2,3]
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