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Abstract
The treatment of osteochondral defects remains a challenge. Four scaffolds were produced using Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved polymers to investigate their therapeutic potential for the regeneration of the osteochondral unit. Polycaprolactone (PCL) and poly(vinyl-pyrrolidone) (PVP) scaffolds were made by electrohydrodynamic techniques. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) and/or sodium hyaluronate (HA) can be then loaded to PCL nanofibers and/or PVP particles. The purpose of adding hydroxyapatite and sodium hyaluronate into PCL/PVP scaffolds is to increase the regenerative ability for subchondral bone and joint cartilage, respectively. Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) were seeded on these biomaterials. The biocompatibility of these biomaterials in vitro and in vivo, as well as their potential to support MSC differentiation under specific chondrogenic or osteogenic conditions, were evaluated. We show here that hBM-MSCs could proliferate and differentiate both in vitro and in vivo on these biomaterials. In addition, the PCL-HAp could effectively increase the mineralization and induce the differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts in an osteogenic condition. These results indicate that PCL-HAp biomaterials combined with MSCs could be a beneficial candidate for subchondral bone regeneration.
Highlights
Regenerative medicine is a multidisciplinary domain that has emerged as a result of new advances in stem cells and biomaterials to achieve the goal of cell and organ replacement to regain function resulting from degeneration, aging, trauma, or other diseases
HAp containing scaffolds under chondrogenic condition, which, in addition, appeared to intensify. These results demonstrated that these four biomaterials could support the differentiation of with time (Figure 5n,p,r,t)
HAp could effectively stimulate the osteogenic differentiation, even under a chondrogenic condition. These results clearly showed a good biocompatibility of these four biomaterials which could promote both proliferation and differentiation of human bone marrow-derived Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro
Summary
Regenerative medicine is a multidisciplinary domain that has emerged as a result of new advances in stem cells and biomaterials to achieve the goal of cell and organ replacement to regain function resulting from degeneration, aging, trauma, or other diseases. Materials 2020, 13, 3087 widespread chronic diseases in adults around the world. About 20% of adult people will be affected by OA in industrialized countries by 2030. This disease can occur as a result of ageing, obesity, or as a consequence of joint traumatic injury. A joint mainly consists of bone (periarticular and subchondral), cartilage, muscles, the synovial stratum, and an articular capsule. OA is characterized by a progressive destruction of cartilage and affects subchondral bone, synovial membrane, periarticular soft tissues, and causes high levels of pain in joints, as well as stiffness, loss of function, effusion, bone enlargement, and misalignment, impacting the patients’ quality of life [2]
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