Potential Impact of TP53 Gene Polymorphism rs1042522 G>C in Leukemia Patients of Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Background: The TP53 protein functions by regulating cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, apoptosis, and gene transcription to mediate cellular responses to DNA damage. Many studies have reported that the p53 codon 72 polymorphism is associated with Leukemia susceptibility; however, the conclusions are inconsistent. Therefore this study was aimed to investigate the association of TP53 Arg72Pro gene variations with leukemia susceptibility in Saudi Arabia Methodology: This population-based case–control study was done on 68 clinically confirmed Leukemia patients and 102 matched healthy controls with no history of any type of cancer. The TP53 (rs1042522 G/C) genotyping was detected by using Allele specific PCR. Results: We observed a statistically significant difference in the frequencies of TP53 GG, GC and CC genotypes among patients and healthy controls (p=0.004) .The higher frequencies of GG (26, 50%), CC (13.20%) genotypes were reported in leukemia patients than the health controls GG (22.54%) and CC (01%) whereas the higher frequencies of GC genotypes (76.47%) was reported in healthy controls compared to cases GC genotypes (60.30%) .Our findings showed that the TP53 (rs1042522 G/C) variant was associated with an increased risk of leukemia in codominant inheritance model (OR=11.50, 95%CI= (1.33-99.3); RR=5.60 (0.85-36.7), P=0.020 GG vs CC and in recessive inheritance model (OR=15.5, 95%CI= (1.92125.8), RR (6.33(0.98-40.8) P=0.010 (GC+ CC) vs CC .There was no significant difference in dominant inheritance model (OR=0.80, 95% CI= (0.39-1.64): RR=0.91(0.67-1.24),P=0.55 (GC+ CC) VS GG .This study indicates that TP53 CC the GG+GC combination may be risk factors for Leukemia patients in our Saudi population. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that TP53 CC and (GC+CC) genotype are associated with an increased susceptibility to leukemia in Saudi Arabian population. It can be used as a predisposing genetic marker for Leukemia .Furthers studies with larger sample sizes are necessary to confirm our findings.