Abstract
Energy is indispensable to economic & social development and it improves lives. However, much of world’s energy is being produced and consumed in ways that could not be sustained if technology were to remain constant and if general quantities were to rise significantly. This research weighs the potential results of Rwanda energy power plan 2023/2024 that encourage the use of more advanced and sustainable energy sources, Specific attention is paid to renewable energy. This research focused on examining the carbon emission emitted through electricity generation from different energy sources and investigate carbon emission avoidance when a national energy plan is implemented. The government of Rwanda, through its power sector, has very ambitious targets to achieve 512 MW installed power generation capacity, from its current 264 MW power generation, and have universal access (100%) by 2023/24. Business as usual (BAU) scenario is used to analyze future electricity generation and CO 2 emissions reduction in 2020-2024. The scenarios show the sustainable potential of renewable technologies and advanced technologies such as hydropower that can generate a significant portion of electricity and minimize the carbon emissions from the power sector. This research found that when Rwanda energy plan is implemented, there will be a carbon emission reduction of 18.3%. Hence, recommends policymakers and private sectors to invest in power energy production in Rwanda as there is a demand for electricity and business opportunities available in hydroelectricity production. Keywords: Carbon emission, Renewable energy, Electricity generation, Rwanda DOI: 10.7176/JESD/12-6-01 Publication date: March 31 st 2021
Highlights
Energy is considered the main factor in wealth production and an important factor in economic development [1]
4.0 Findings and Discussions 4.1 Electricity Generation of Business as usual (BAU) Scenario According to the African bank of development report [36]
5.0 Conclusions and Policy Recommendations This research set out to evaluate the potential impact of energy power plan in Rwanda, discussed Rwanda's energy plan and examined the impact of renewable energy to electrify Rwanda and most importantly reduction of the carbon emission from electricity generation
Summary
Energy is considered the main factor in wealth production and an important factor in economic development [1]. The importance of energy to economic development is recognized almost everywhere. Global energy consumption is growing incredibly in parallel with population growth, industrialization and technological developments. In 2000, 80% of the world’s demand for energy was met from fossil fuels, such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas [3], while the remaining 20% was obtained from other sources, such as hydro, nuclear, animal and vegetable wastes, wind, solar, geothermal and wood, among which hydro and nuclear are used more. The distribution of the world’s known fossil fuel reserves are estimated to be on a petroleum equivalent basis, 68.3% coal, 15.5% petroleum, and 16.2% natural gas. Demand for energy, and electricity in particular, is growing rapidly due to the social and economic development of the country
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