Potential impact of a nonavalent anti HPV vaccine in Italian men with and without clinical manifestations

Liana Bosco,Leonardo Di Gregorio,Marco Vella,Giuseppina Capra,Rosaria Schillaci,Nicola Serra,Antonino Perino,Teresa Fasciana,Alberto Firenze,Daniela Pistoia,Gloria Calagna,Gloria Calagna

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-83639-6

Liana Bosco, Leonardo Di Gregorio + Show 10 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83639-6

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Abstract

Human papilloma virus infection (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted disease. Little is known about male infection. Nonavalent vaccine against types 6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58 was approved and neutral gender immunization programs have been proposed. This study evaluates the potential impact of nonavalent vaccine compared to quadrivalent in male living in Sicily (Italy). 58.7% of samples were HPV positive and forty-four types of HPV were identified. A significant higher estimated coverage of nonavalent vaccine than quadrivalent was observed (64.3% vs. 45.8%), with absolute and relative additional impact of 20.1% and 47.2%, respectively. Low impact of the vaccine were calculated as the empirical probability of HPV genotypes 6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58 alone or in combination; the high impact as empirical probability of HPV6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58 genotypes alone or in association with other genotypes. The potential impact of the nonavalent vaccine vs quadrivalent was significant for low and high impact (29.7% > 18:8%; 34:6% > 26.6%, respectively). Particularly, in men with lesions and risky sexual contact was significant only for low impact (35.5% > 29.7%; 31.4% > 19.7%, respectively). In partners with positive females was significant for low impact (26.3% > 15.1%) and high impact (33.7% > 23.2%). Nonavalent vaccine offers broader protection in men with HPV positive partners, who would have a potential role in the transmission of the infection.

Highlights

Human papilloma virus infection (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted disease
By high estimate calculations, that the absolute additional impact of the nonavalent HPV vaccine is substantial for both low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), with a 23.8–32.8% increase in the proportion of cases effectively prevented by the second generation HPV vaccine[25]
The current study provides an important overview on HPV-DNA prevalence in men with and without clinical manifestations and on the evaluation of the potential impact that nonavalent HPV vaccine has on HPV infection compared to the previously used quadrivalent HPV vaccine

Summary

Introduction

Human papilloma virus infection (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted disease. The potential impact of the nonavalent vaccine vs quadrivalent was significant for low and high impact (29.7% > 18:8%; 34:6% > 26.6%, respectively). Nonavalent vaccine offers broader protection in men with HPV positive partners, who would have a potential role in the transmission of the infection. Gardasil prevents persistent infections and genital diseases caused by these HPV types in females. It has been demonstrated a protective effect of quadrivalent among heterosexual males (92% efficacy) and its use was licensed in young males to prevent anogenital condyloma. By high estimate calculations, that the absolute additional impact of the nonavalent HPV vaccine is substantial for both low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), with a 23.8–32.8% increase in the proportion of cases effectively prevented by the second generation HPV vaccine (absolute additional impact)[25]

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