Potential Health Risks of Heavy Metal Contents in Bottled Water from Lagos State and Its Environs, Nigeria

Omeje Maxwell,Akinpelu Akinwumi,O Adewoyin Olusegun,S Joel Emmanuel,T.A Okolie Sociis,E Arijaje Theophilus,Ayowe Omorotemu Efemena

doi:10.1088/1755-1315/173/1/012021

Omeje Maxwell, Akinpelu Akinwumi + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/173/1/012021

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Abstract

The concentrations of lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), B and Fe in twenty (20) different brands of bottled water samples were investigated to ascertain the risk exposure to consumers using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). The concentrations of the heavy metals analyzed varied from bottled water to bottled water samples. The BE bottled water sample was found to contain the least concentration of Pb with a value of 0.0232 mg/l. The risk of chronic daily intake (CDI) was determined based on the United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) model for health risk. It was observed that Fe, Mg and Ca reported in all the bottled water samples. The estimated Chronic Daily Intake (CDI) of different metals from the water samples is found to be in order of magnitude of Pb> Fe>Cd>Ni. The highest CDI found in VA, SO, SO, LAT water samples are higher than the International Reference Dose Level according to WHO and USEPA respectively. This study suggest that some bottled water factories should be sited in zones that are safer from these heavy metals if Reverse Osmosis machine for proper removal of these trace elements from the raw water is not in use for water treatment.

Highlights

Water is an indispensible part of the human environment and the source of portable water is an essential priority for the public health
Heavy metals are metals with high densities or high atomic weight such as Chromium (Cr), Cadmium (Cd)Arsenic (As), Mercury (Hg), Nickel (Ni), and Lead (Pb) are regarded as heavy metalsof health concern. This heavy metals pose health risk if found in water and lead to several health problems to the human populace. These heavy metals are known to be the elements with a special weight of about 4-5 times as much as that of water [1, 2].These are metals with atomic weight of over 40 and do not break down once they are in the environment
Heavy metal contents were measured in the water samples using Perkin Elmer A Analyst 600 Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (GFAAS) instrument connected to the intuitive WinLab32 software system comprises of the tools to analyze, report as well as achieving the measured data

Summary

Introduction

Water is an indispensible part of the human environment and the source of portable water is an essential priority for the public health. Heavy metals are metals with high densities or high atomic weight such as Chromium (Cr), Cadmium (Cd)Arsenic (As), Mercury (Hg), Nickel (Ni), and Lead (Pb) are regarded as heavy metalsof health concern. This heavy metals pose health risk if found in water and lead to several health problems to the human populace. These heavy metals are known to be the elements with a special weight of about 4-5 times as much as that of water [1, 2].These are metals with atomic weight of over 40 and do not break down once they are in the environment. Coal mining and smelting release arsenic, herbicides, pesticides, fungicides which contaminate both the surface and groundwater system

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