Abstract
Lunasin has demonstrated antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and chemopreventive properties. The objectives were to evaluate the concentration of lunasin in different lunasin-based commercial dietary supplements, to produce a lunasin-enriched soy extract (LESE) using a two-step pilot-plant-based ultrafiltration process, and to evaluate their biological potential in vitro. LESE was produced using 30 and 1 kDa membranes in a custom-made ultrafiltration skid. Lunasin was quantified in eight products and LESE. Lunasin concentrations of the lunasin-based products ranged from 9.2 ± 0.6 to 25.7 ± 1.1 mg lunasin/g protein. The LESE extract contained 58.2 mg lunasin/g protein, up to 6.3-fold higher lunasin enrichment than lunasin-based dietary supplements. Antioxidant capacity ranged from 121.5 mmol Trolox equivalents (TE)/g in Now® Kids to 354.4 mmol TE/g in LESE. Histone acetyltransferase (HAT) inhibition ranged from 5.3% on Soy Sentials® to 38.3% on synthetic lunasin. ORAC and lunasin concentrations were positively correlated, and HAT and lunasin concentrations were negatively correlated (p < 0.05). Melanoma B16-F10 and A375 cells treated with lunasin showed dose-dependent inhibitory potential (IC50 equivalent to 330 and 370 μM lunasin, respectively). Lunasin showed protein kinase B expression (57 ± 14%) compared to the control (100%) in B16-F10. Lunasin concentration found in commercial products and lunasin-enriched soy extract could exert benefits to consumers.
Highlights
Lunasin is a forty-three amino acid peptide originally isolated from soybeans
The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the concentration of lunasin in different lunasinbased commercial dietary supplements, to produce a lunasin-enriched soy extract using a two-step pilot-plant-based ultrafiltration process, and to evaluate their biological potential
Lunasin concentrations of lunasin-based commercial products and samples from ultrafiltration production of lunasin-enriched soy extract were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as previously reported [1] and calculated using a synthetic lunasin standard curve (y = 0.0076x − 0.1902, R2 = 0.96)
Summary
Lunasin is a forty-three amino acid peptide originally isolated from soybeans. It features a unique amino acid sequence containing an arginine-glycine-aspartic acid cell adhesion motif and a polyaspartic acid tail on its carboxylic acid end [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12]. Lunasin inhibits histone H3 and H4 acetylation when using a histone acetyltransferase assay [21] Because of these reported health benefits, increasing numbers of lunasin-based dietary supplements are available on the market. No studies on lunasin concentration and its biological potential in lunasin-based commercial dietary supplements have been reported. The hypothesis of this research is that it is possible to produce, at a pilot-plant level, a lunasin-enriched soy extract (LESE) with a higher concentration of lunasin and higher bioactivity than lunasin-based commercial products. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the concentration of lunasin in different lunasinbased commercial dietary supplements, to produce a lunasin-enriched soy extract using a two-step pilot-plant-based ultrafiltration process, and to evaluate their biological potential
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