Abstract
Replacing fossil jet fuel with biojet fuel is an important step towards reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from aviation. To this end, Sweden has adopted a GHG mandate on jet fuel, complementing those on petrol and diesel. The GHG mandate on jet fuel requires a gradual reduction in the fuel’s GHG emissions to up to 27% by 2030. This paper estimates the potential production of biojet fuel in Sweden for six integrated production pathways and analyzes what they entail with regard to net biomass input and the amount of hydrogen required for upgrading to fuel quality. Integrated production of biofuel intermediates from forestry residues and by-products at combined heat and power plants as well as at the forest industry, followed by upgrading to biojet fuel and other transportation fuels at a petroleum refinery, was assumed in all the pathways. The potential output of bio-based transportation fuels was estimated to 90 PJ/y, including 22 PJ/y of biojet fuel. The results indicate that it will be possible to meet the Swedish GHG mandate for jet fuel for 2030, although it will be difficult to simultaneously achieve the GHG mandates for road transportation fuels. This highlights the importance of pursuing complementary strategies for bio-based fuels.
Highlights
Environmental and Energy Systems Studies, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; Abstract: Replacing fossil jet fuel with biojet fuel is an important step towards reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from aviation
The results indicate that it will be possible to meet the Swedish GHG mandate for jet fuel for 2030, it will be difficult to simultaneously achieve the GHG mandates for road transportation fuels
Liquid hydrogen may serve as fuel in the long term, while electric aircrafts powered by batteries are mainly seen as an option for short-haul flights [5,6]
Summary
Environmental and Energy Systems Studies, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; Abstract: Replacing fossil jet fuel with biojet fuel is an important step towards reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from aviation. To this end, Sweden has adopted a GHG mandate on jet fuel, complementing those on petrol and diesel. To increase the use of SAF, the European commission has proposed imposing a blendin mandate that obliges fuel suppliers to supply a minimum share of SAF to the airports in the EU [7] Such a regulation is already in place in Norway and was recently introduced in Sweden. The required emission reduction starts at 0.8% for 2021 and will gradually increase to 27% in 2030 [8]
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