Potential enzyme inhibitory properties of extracts and fractions from fruit latex of Ficus carica-based on inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase

Abstract

Ficus L. is one of the widespread genera of the Moraceae family. We aimed to evaluate the inhibiting effect on digestive enzymes linked to diabetes, the antioxidant activity and the phytochemical composition of active extract/fraction of fruit latex of Ficus carica L. subsp. carica (All.) Schinz Et Thel. The inhibition effect of extracts and fractions tested with α-amylase and α-glucosidase methods and the antioxidant effect investigated with ABTS·+ and FRAP tests. The qualitative determination of compounds within the active extract/fraction was carried out by LC–MS/MS. In a result, the highest α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity found in F2 fraction of fruit latex (IC50 = 195.205 ± 0.015 µg/mL and 6.920 ± 0.026 µg/mL, respectively). Moreover, the highest total phenolic (26.816 ± 0.007 mgGAE/gextract) and total flavonoid content (8.615 ± 0.009 mgCA /gextract) was found in S1extract and this extract showed the highest antioxidant activity on FRAP (at a concentration of 1 mg/mL equivalent to 179.802 ± 2.201 mmol Fe2+) and ABTS+· (at a concentration of 1 mg/mL equivalent to 0.296 ± 0.055 µM Trolox) tests. Besides that, a preliminary examination of the mass spectrums of active F2 fraction and S1 extract revealed the presence of one xanthone, one organic acid derivative, one chromone derivative, one fatty acid and one phenolic acid. It is the first report on α-amylase, α-glucosidase and antioxidant activities, and phytochemical analysis of fruit latex of F. carica subsp. carica and these studies could contribute to the advanced pharmacological activity studies of this species.