Potential diagnostic biomarkers for early detection of idiopathic sensorineural hearing loss in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Abstract

Background: Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is a hearing loss that accounts for almost 90% of all hearing loss. Various factors can cause this disorder, one of which is diabetes mellitus (DM). However, few studies still discuss biomarkers to detect the incidence of SNHL in patients with DM as early as possible. The purpose of this paper is to determine the potential of biomarkers to detect SNHL in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Methods: The author uses a database in the form of PubMed, Cochrane, and ScienceDirect used to search for articles using the Boolean operator "AND" or "OR" using the keywords "hearing loss," "diabetes," "biomarkers," "Prestin," "lipid profile," and "Nox2". A total of 276 studies were obtained, followed by the title and abstract screening and feasibility assessment (eligibility) to get inclusion studies included in the qualitative analysis (systematic study). Result: A total of 10 inclusion studies consisted of 2 cross-sectional studies, 2 case controls, and six preclinical studies with 105 and 101 patients in the cross-sectional and case-control studies, respectively. A total of 5, 3, and 2 studies reported associations between hearing loss and Prestin, Nox2, and lipid profile values, respectively. Conclusion: The biomarkers such as Prestin, Nox2 and lipid profile have a role in the early diagnosis of SNHL, but no related studies discuss T2DM. Therefore, basic and clinical studies are still needed to determine its effectiveness.