Abstract
Abstract. Climate change is a growing concern that is attracting international efforts. India, as a developing country, has committed to reducing its emission intensity of GDP up to 30 %–35 % by 2030. The emission intense sectors would be targeted to achieve climate commitment. One of the emission intense sector is construction raw material manufacturing that contributes 10 % share in the total emissions making it one of the potential mitigation sector. The study examines emissions from the construction raw materials namely, cement, steel, and brick manufacturing and presents two emission scenarios up to 2050. Energy efficient scenario (S2) is compared with a reference scenario (S1) developed based on a bottom-up approach. The results indicate that a moderate energy efficiency improvements and technological shifts lead to a decrease in emissions of 72 MT CO2 by 2030 and 137 MT CO2 by 2050. Further, the steel industry has the highest reduction potential, as the current technologies are energy inefficient. Similarly, the current dependency on fired bricks may be shifted to cement setting blocks leading to emission reductions. Cement manufacturing, on the other hand, shows limited scope for emission reduction that may be achieved through energy efficiency improvements. Efforts towards energy efficiency improvements in construction raw material manufacturing would result in reductions beyond the existing commitment of the Paris Agreement for India by 2030.
Highlights
Climate change and global warming are one of the pressing issues in today’s world
Intended Nationally determined Contributions (INDC) and other national policies towards climate change mitigation commitment would drive the efforts towards achieving the goals
The emissions from cement manufacturing at present (2015) are estimated to be 203 MT CO2 (Fig. 2); which is higher than the estimates given by the government of 124 MT CO2 eq in 2010 (Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, 2015)
Summary
The Paris Agreement has been negotiated amongst countries to determine individual commitment towards the climate change mitigation. The country has committed to reducing the emission intensity of GDP by 30 %–35 % in 2030 compared to 2005 levels (Government of India, 2015). Intended Nationally determined Contributions (INDC) and other national policies towards climate change mitigation commitment would drive the efforts towards achieving the goals. The construction industry is a major contributor to the economy (8 % of total GDP, 2014) as well as GHG emissions (10 % of total emissions, 2010) (Asian Development Bank, 2015; Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, 2015) in India. Even though the estimates of emissions from these processes are not consistent with the literature, understanding future mitigation opportunities requires attention (INCCA, 2010; Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, 2015)
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