Potential cardioprotective influence of bupropion against CCl4-triggered cirrhotic cardiomyopathy

Abstract

Bupropion, an atypical anti-depressant and smoking cessation aid, attenuates complications arising from the activation of inflammatory and oxidative pathways. In this study, the effect of bupropion on an inflammatory and oxidative condition induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) namely cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CCM) was investigated in rats. CCM was induced by intraperitoneal injection of CCl 4 (0.4 g/kg, i.p.). Bupropion was treated orally at doses 30 and 60 (mg/kg, p.o.) for 8 weeks. CCl 4 treatment significantly lowered hepatic antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH) while enhanced Malondialdehyde (MDA). Elevations in serum nitric oxide (NO) metabolites nitrite/nitrate, and cardiac tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β) levels were observed. Cirrhosis also decreased contractility in response to isoproterenol (10 −10 to 10 −5 M). The spleen weight and intrasplenic pressure increased and QTc, QRS and RR intervals prolonged. Pathological damages in the liver for example focal necrosis, fibrosis and the hepatic blocking increased. On the other hand, bupropion increased GSH, CAT and SOD and lowered MDA. Bupropion reduced NO metabolites and TNF-α levels and decreased IL-1β. The cardiac contractile force improved at maximal effect (Rmax) 10 -5 M by bupropion. The intrasplenic pressure was reduced by bupropion. Bupropion reduces QTc, QRS and RR intervals and the liver tissue damages. Bupropion played a cardioprotective role reducing inflammatory and oxidative factors. It may recover the impairment of cardiac contractility and hyperdynamic condition in CCM, and this effect could be mediated at least in part by a NO-dependent mechanism.