Potential cancer chemopreventive activity of simple isoquinolines, 1-benzylisoquinolines, and protoberberines

Abstract

Seventeen simple isoquinolines, 15 1-benzylisoquinolines, and 19 protoberberines were tested for their inhibitory activities against Epstein–Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by 12- O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in Raji cells. Among the tested alkaloids, the inhibitory activity of all 1-benzylisoquinolines and 11 protoberberines was higher than that of β-carotene. The 1-benzylisoquinolines 19, 21, 22, 29, and 34 and protoberberines 41, 47–49, 51, 52, and 55 showed potent inhibitory effects on EBV-EA induction (96–100% inhibition at 1 × 10 3 mol ratio/TPA). These alkaloids were more active than the naturally occurring alkaloids, 23, 25, 33, 53, and 54. In addition, fifteen simple isoquinolines, eighteen 1-benzylisoquinolines and eight protoberberines were evaluated with respect to their ability to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals. Nine simple isoquinolines, ten 1-benzylisoquinolines, and four protoberberines were more potent than α-tocopherol, and four 1-benzylisoquinolines, 20 and 28– 30, exhibited potent activities (SC 50 4.5–5.8 μM). Their activities were higher than the naturally occurring alkaloids, 23, 25, and 33. Therefore, some of the isoquinoline alkaloids indicating the high activity on both assays may be potentially valuable cancer chemopreventive agents. Structure–activity relationships are discussed for both tests.