Abstract
The ash of C. polygonoides (locally called balanza) was collected from Lakki Marwat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, and was utilized as biosorbent for methylene blue (MB) removal from aqueous solution. The ash was used as biosorbent without any physical or chemical treatment. The biosorbent was characterized by using various techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The particle size and surface area were measured using particle size analyzer and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller equation (BET), respectively. The SEM and BET results expressed that the adsorbent has porous nature. Effects of various conditions such as initial concentration of methylene blue (MB), initial pH, contact time, dosage of biosorbent, and stirring rate were also investigated for the adsorption process. The rate of the adsorption of MB on biomass sample was fast, and equilibrium has been achieved within 1 hour. The kinetics of MB adsorption on biosorbent was studied by pseudo-first- and pseudo-second-order kinetic models and the pseudo-second-order has better mathematical fit with correlation coefficient value (R 2) of 0.999. The study revealed that C. polygonoides ash proved to be an effective, alternative, inexpensive, and environmentally benign biosorbent for MB removal from aqueous solution.
Highlights
Environmental pollution is a serious and challenging problem all over the world because of the rapid progress in society, science, technology, and industries
C. polygonoides ash is proved to be the promising biosorbent for removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution
The percentage of removal of dye on these biosorbents is fast and adsorption equilibrium is achieved in about 60 min
Summary
Environmental pollution is a serious and challenging problem all over the world because of the rapid progress in society, science, technology, and industries. The industrial effluent containing both inorganic and organic toxic material which discharging into surface water that seriously affect biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and natural activities of aquatic system. Among these pollutants one such pollutant is the synthetic dyes which are considered to be the most common and toxic water pollutants [1,2,3,4,5]. The extensive use of dyes and dyes containing compounds disturb the aquatic system by inhibiting the sunlight from reaching water and reducing photosynthesis and increasing the biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) values [1,2,3, 5]. Certain textile dyes are carcinogenic and toxic to living organisms and have adverse effect on human health, domestic animals, and wildlife [6]
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