Potential biological damage of human peripheral blood lymphocytes induced by computed tomography examination of the oromaxillofacial region

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine whether oromaxillofacial computed tomography (CT) examination causes biologic damage in lymphocytes and whether the biologic damage is related to radiation dose, patient age, or gender. Peripheral blood was taken from 51 individuals and divided into control, in vivo, and in vitro irradiation groups. Biologic damage was assessed by comparing rates of chromosomal aberrations (CAs), including dicentric chromosomes (dics), centric rings, and acentric fragments; and nuclear aberrations, including micronuclei (MN), nuclear buds (NBUDs), and nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) in the peripheral blood before and after CT examination. Absorbed and effective doses were calculated with the software VirtualDose, and the blood dose was estimated accordingly. The rates of acentric fragments, MN, NBUDs, and NPBs in the in vivo (P ≤ .008) and in vitro (P ≤ .003) irradiation groups were significantly higher than those in the control groups. The acentric fragment rate (P=.013) and MN rate (P=.002) were higher in the in vitro group than in the in vivo group. There was no correlation between change rates of CAs and nuclear aberrations with radiation dose. Positive correlations of MN rates with age were found in all groups (ρ ≥ 0.590). Certain doses of radiation in oromaxillofacial CT examination may induce CAs and nuclear aberrations in lymphocytes.