Potential Benefits of Bioactive Compounds of Traditional Rice Grown in South and South-East Asia: A Review

Abstract

Traditional rice varieties have been widely cultivated and popularly consumed by Asian people for a very long time. In recent times, consumers concern regarding traditional rice has increased. Traditional or indigenous rice varieties have been found to be rich in a wide range of bioactive compounds, particularly phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, phytic acid and γ-oryzanol. We have found 32 phenolic acids, including hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, and 7 different flavonoids in rice varieties. All the mentioned bioactive compounds have unique physiological effects on human health. Besides that, the grains showed their nutraceutical potential for antidiabetic, antiarthritic, antiinflammatory, antibacterial and antitumor activities. In this review, we critically analyzed the bioactive components of traditional rice and its nutraceutical potential to shield against hazardous microbial activities. To ensure that future generations have access to these beneficial substances, traditional rice varieties must be preserved.