Abstract
The conversion of waste lignin from the paper and pulp industry is a potential process to produce chemicals and materials in the industry. With the development and the demand for the pulp and paper industry, the amount of waste lignin will increase remarkably. In Vietnam, the forest tree for the pulp industry is abundant, and the pulp industry has increased in recent years. In parallel, the government planned to develop the material resource and high-tech factories for this industry. In this work, we summarized the pulp and paper industry in Vietnam, then suggest the potential applications of waste lignin in several valuable products.
Highlights
Lignin is a by-product of the pulp and paper industry, and it can be considered as a renewable material coming from lignocellulosic feedstock
We summarize the pulp and paper industry in Vietnam and suggest the potential applications of waste lignin in Vietnam
We summarized and suggested potential products and processes from waste lignin of the pulp and paper industry for the Vietnam market
Summary
Lignin is a by-product of the pulp and paper industry, and it can be considered as a renewable material coming from lignocellulosic feedstock. Lee & Man Vietnam invested USD 650 million to build a paper factory with a production capacity of 420,000 tonnes/year in Hau Giang province 23. This factory mainly produces packaging paper from more than 95% of wastepaper. There are several potential applications of lignin such as dispersants, paper sizing, industrial cleaners and water treatment, concrete admixtures, unbaked bricks, and plant nutrition (Figure 4) Those products have many advantages, e.g., the advantages of dispersants are milling economy, a wide range of heat stability, controlled fiber staining, no azo reduction, lower paste viscosity in the formulation, improved cost/performance after standardization of dye strength, and environmentally friendly 29. While the advantages of plant nutrition are Improving formulations and plant nutrition, stable solutions, custom formulations 30; of concrete admixtures are improved strength and durability of the cured concrete, reduced formulation cost, increased workability of the concrete mix, cost effective water reducers 31; of Industrial Cleaners and water treatment are cost-effective additives for industrial cleaning to disperse dirt particles, in water treatment formulations to reduce the fouling of cooling water as well as a low-cost conditioning agent for boiler water sludges, enhance the metal cleaning and water treatment abilities of other components typically present in these types of formulations and are compatible with sodium citrate, gluconates, EDTA, NTA, and triethanolamine 32; of papersizing provide a simple and ready to use green solution for increasing the Figure 3: Several conversion reactions from lignin: (1) synthesis of lignin-HTPB (hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene) copolyurethane 26; (2) Decomposition and demethoxylation in the presence of formic acid 27; and (3) Hydrothermal conversion pathway of lignin 28
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