Potential applications of enzymes on the extraction of vitexin from dried Mas Cotek leaves

Abstract

Mas Cotek or Ficus deltoidea var. deltoidea leaves extracts contain various beneficial properties such as antidiabetic, antihypoglycemic and antioxidant activities, which can be enzymatically extracted in water. Vitexin is one of the antioxidants and remarkable compound of flavone C-glycosides found in Mas Cotek leaves. Cellulase is one of the essential enzymes applied to hydrolyze cellulose into fermentable sugars and therefore, this enzyme was used to extract vitexin in this study. Single parameter approach was used to determine factors influencing the enzymatic-mediated extraction. These factors were enzyme concentration, sample-to-water ratio, temperature, incubation time and agitation. The maximum yield of vitexin found was 0.547% under the optimum conditions: sample-to-water ratio 1:10 g/mL, enzyme concentration 0.4%, incubation time of 240 min, temperature of 50 ± 0.02°C and stirring speed of 200 rpm. The highest amount of reducing sugar obtained was 4.039 mg/mL with the use of 0.4% cellulose. A correlation was also observed between the yield of vitexin and reducing sugars. Key words: Cellulose, enzymatic assisted extraction, vitexin, reducing sugars, cellulose, Mas Cotek, Ficus deltoidea var. deltoidea, antioxidants.