Abstract
Robusta coffee is a major commercial crop in the Central Highland of Vietnam with high economic and export value. However, this crop is adversely affected by various pathogens, particularly nematodes. This study aimed to screen active anti-nematode rhizobacterial strains for sustainable coffee production. Among more than 200 isolates, the isolate TUN03 demonstrated efficient biocontrol with nearly 100% mortality of J2 coffee nematodes Meloidogyne spp. and 84% inhibition of nematode egg hatching. This active strain was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa TUN03 based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis. In greenhouse tests, the strain TUN03 significantly reduced the coffee nematode population in the rhizome-soil with an 83.23% inhibition rate and showed plant growth-promoting effects. Notably, this is the first report of the nematicidal effect of P. aeruginosa against coffee nematodes. This potent strain further showed an antifungal effect against various crop-pathogenic fungi and was found to be the most effective against Fusarium solani F04 (isolated from coffee roots) with a 70.51% inhibition rate. In addition, high-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed that this bacterial strain also secretes plant growth regulators including indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA3), kinetin, and zeatin in significant amounts of 100, 2700, 37, and 9.5 µg/mL, respectively. The data from this study suggest that P. aeruginosa TUN03 may be a potential biocontrol agent and biofertilizer for the sustainable production of Robusta coffee and other crops.
Highlights
Coffee is one of the most popular consumed beverages worldwide due to its good taste and numerous health benefits [1]
More than 200 rhizobacterial strains were isolated from the rhizosphere soil samples collected from Robusta coffee fields in the Central Highland of Vietnam
To further investigate the potential use of this strain in agriculture, we explored its antifungal activities against various plant-pathogen fungal strains that seriously damage some crops, such as coffee, black pepper, Durio, Persea, Dimocarpus, knotweed, citrus, and sweet potato, cultivated in the Central Highland of Vietnam
Summary
Coffee is one of the most popular consumed beverages worldwide due to its good taste and numerous health benefits [1]. It is an important industrial crop in many countries, including Brazil, Vietnam, Colombia, Indonesia, Ethiopia, etc. Coffee crops are seriously affected by plant-parasitic nematodes worldwide; in Vietnam, root-knot nematode Meloidogyne spp. and the lesion nematode Pratylenchus spp. are the major harmful nematodes attacking coffee plantations [2,3,4,5,6]. Plants infected by nematodes show yellow leaves, stunted growth, rot root or galling, and the tree may eventually die [8,9,10,11]
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