Abstract
Background: There is increasing evidence that marine omega-3 oils are involved in the reduction of cancer risk and progression. However, the anticancer effect of omega-3 monoglyceride on colorectal cancer has yet to be assessed. The goal of this study was to evaluate the anti-cancer effects of eicosapentaenoic acid monoglyceride (MAG-EPA) in HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cells. Methods: The effect of MAG-EPA was evaluated in vitro on HCT116 cells and in vivo on mouse model of HCT116 xenograft. Results: Our data reveal that MAG-EPA decreased cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in HCT116 cells. In a xenograft mouse model, daily per os administration of MAG-EPA reduced tumor growth. Furthermore, MAG-EPA treatments decreased EGFR, VEGFR, and AKT activation pathways and reduced VEGF and HIF1α expression levels in tumors. Conclusion: MAG-EPA may promote apoptosis and inhibit growth of tumors by suppressing EGFR and VEGFR activation pathways. Altogether, these data provide new evidence regarding the mode of action of MAG-EPA in colorectal cancer cells.
Highlights
At the present time, approximately 60% of approved cancer treatment drugs are of natural origin [1]
concentration response curves (CCRC) revealed that MAG-eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) significantly reduced the HCT116 cell proliferation, with IC50 value of 1.25 ± 0.03 μM (Figure 1b)
Results revealed that the MAG-EPA treatments decreased the phosphorylation levels of VEGFR in Results revealed that the MAG-EPA treatments decreased the phosphorylation levels of VEGFR in tumors comparatively to those observed in the control group (Figure 4c)
Summary
Approximately 60% of approved cancer treatment drugs are of natural origin [1]. An estimated 14,000 pharmacologically active compounds have been isolated from marine plants and animals, showing the immense diversity found within this environment. These marine natural products or bioactive compounds may inhibit one or more stages of carcinogenesis by preventing development or treating cancer [1,2]. Among major marine compounds known to display anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects, omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega 3 PUFAs) are likely the most studied [2,3]. The goal of this study was to evaluate the anti-cancer effects of eicosapentaenoic acid monoglyceride (MAG-EPA) in HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cells
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