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Abstract
Herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) belong to the herpesviridae family and cause neurological disorders by infecting the nervous system. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) extract against HSV-1 and HSV-2 in vitro. The antioxidant activity of this extract was investigated by superoxide anion and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical assays. Rosemary extract was evaluated by an HSV-1 antiviral assay, in which viral replication in Vero cells was determined and quantified using a cytopathic effect assay. The present study showed that rosemary extract at 30 µg/ml caused 55% inhibition of HSV-1 plaques, whereas 40 µg/ml rosemary extract caused 65% inhibition of HSV-2 plaques. The extracts completely inhibited HSV-1 and HSV-2 plaque formation at 50 µg/ml. Scavenging activity of the superoxide anion radical was observed at 65.74 mg/ml, whereas 50% scavenging activity of the DPPH radical was observed at 67.34 mg/ml. These data suggest that rosemary extract may be suitable as a topical prophylactic or therapeutic agent for herpes viral infections. However, further research is required to elucidate the plant’s active constituents, which may be useful in drug development.
Highlights
Herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and herpes simplex virus (HSV)-2) belong to the herpesviridae family, primarily causing oral herpes lesions with HSV-1 and genital lesions with HSV-2 [1]
The standard therapy for the management of HSV infections is based on inhibition of the viral DNA polymerase by nucleoside analogs [4], including acyclovir, penciclovir, and their derivatives [4,5]
The results indicate that the O2− radical scavenging activity was 65.74 mg/ml, suggesting that rosemary extract possesses strong antioxidant effects due to superoxide anion radical scavenging property
Summary
Herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) belong to the herpesviridae family, primarily causing oral herpes lesions with HSV-1 and genital lesions with HSV-2 [1]. The herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 were propagated in Vero cells and titrated based on plaque-forming units using plaque assay counts, as previously described [4], and stored at −80◦C until the experiments were performed. Superoxide anion scavenging activity was measured by determining the amount of reduced phenazine methosulfate [17].
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