Abstract
Salvia aramiensis Rech. f. is a species that grows only in Hatay, Turkey and is used as a traditional stomachic tea. Neither the chemical composition nor the potential bioactivity of the plant has been investigated before. Antioxidant activity (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl Radical (DPPH●) and 2,2’-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS+●) radical scavenging and β-carotene/linoleic acid co-oxidation) of 70% methanol, 70% ethanol extracts, and 2% infusion obtained from S. aramiensis aerial parts were determined. The effect of 70% methanol extract on collagenase and elastase enzyme inhibition and its chemical composition via chromatographic methods (LC-MS/MS and HPLC) were analyzed. Nanoliposomes were developed with 70% methanol extract, were characterized, and were evaluated. The key parameters for the most active 70% methanol extract included the following DPPH•EC50: 28.4 µg/mL, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC)/ABTS: 1.77 ± 0.09 mmol/L/Trolox. Furthermore 70% methanol extract showed more than 50% inhibition on collagenase and elastase enzymes at all the concentrations. The main component of the extract, rich in phenolic compounds, has been identified as rosmarinic acid; 83.7 µg/mL extract was released from the nanoliposomal formulation. The extract and its formulation are found to be nontoxic on the L929 fibroblast cell line. This study successfully developed a long-term antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory formulation containing S. aramiensis, which has been used safely among the public for years.
Highlights
The family Lamiaceae has 236 genera and about 6900 to 7200 species
The measurements were performed according to the kit procedures of Collagenase and Elastase Elisa kits (Sun Red Bio, China); 70% MeOH extracts were studied at 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL, and positive control rosmarinic acid was studied at 25 μg/mL concentration [17]
In vitro antioxidant activities of S. aramiensis extracts prepared with 70% methanol, 70% ethanol, and 2% infusion were evaluated, and enzyme inhibitor activities of the active 70%
Summary
The family Lamiaceae has 236 genera and about 6900 to 7200 species. Salvia (~900 species) is one of the largest genera of Lamiaceae [1]. The dermis, the middle layer of the skin, consists of elastin and collagen, the main component of the connective tissue These proteins are responsible for the resistance and elasticity of the skin and are destroyed as a result of the formation of free radicals and the induction of elastase and collagenase enzymes [17]. To increase the antiaging effect, to prevent loss of skin elasticity, and to accelerate wound healing, it is essential to find inhibitors of elastase and collagenase enzymes, which have a radical scavenging feature. Natural ingredients have been used mainly for antioxidant, antimicrobial, and enzyme inhibitory activities for skin care and wound healing [26] For this purpose, we studied (1) the antioxidant activities with radical scavenging assays and inhibition of β-carotene/linoleic acid co-oxidation of S. aramiensis extracts, (2) inhibitory effects of the most antioxidant active extracts Methanol extract, and (5) toxicity of 70% methanol extract and liposomal formulation on L929 fibroblast cell line
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