Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the potential antibacterial effects of gatifloxacin on periodontal pathogens including Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingi-valis, and Prevotella intermedia. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of gatifloxacin and its bactericidal effects were investigated. Gatifloxacin inhibited the growth of all three kinds of periodontopathic bacteria tested in broth. The MIC value of 2.5 nM was found to be the most effective in inhibiting A. actinomycetemcomitans. An adenosine triphosphate biolumi-nescence assay revealed that gatifloxacin exhibited bactericidal effects on the tested bacteria in a time-dependent manner. The safety of gatifloxacin in mammalian cells was evaluated by assessing the viability of normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cells treated with gatifloxacin. Almost all NHDF cells survived after 2-d culture, while 81% of the cells survived after 4-d culture when treated with 1.0 × 103 nM gatifloxacin. These results indicate that gatifloxacin is a possible drug for local administration to prevent periodontal infection.
Highlights
The formation of microbial biofilm around dental implants is a major cause of peri-implantitis
Prevotella intermedia is associated with human periodontal diseases [7]
A. actinomycetemcomitans and two black-pigmented species, P. gingivalis and P. intermedia, are gram-negative strains which are often isolated from periodontal lesions [8]
Summary
The formation of microbial biofilm around dental implants is a major cause of peri-implantitis. Peri-implantitis, which is defined as “the inflammation around an implant with accompanying bone loss” usually causes implant failures. Major etiologic bacteria causing human periodontal diseases include Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans [5] and Porphyromonas gingivalis [6]. Prevotella intermedia is associated with human periodontal diseases [7]. A. actinomycetemcomitans and two black-pigmented species, P. gingivalis and P. intermedia, are gram-negative strains which are often isolated from periodontal lesions [8]. These facts indicate that maintaining biofilm-free surfaces of a dental implant is critically important for preventing periodontitis and peri-implantitis
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