Abstract
Periodic daily fluctuating demand for energy and power is a perceptible phenomenon, resulting in some moments of low demand for power and energy related to the huge energy comes from renewable energy systems, and some moments of peak load demand. This phenomenon, when combined with the non-stationary operation of huge capacity of renewable energy systems, results in no stability of voltage and frequency. To assure continuous network stability and to avoid energy losses from renewable energy systems that are subject to such control system, a hybrid system with energy–power storage in the form of pumped-hydro storage is considered the most suitable technically. This paper presents the design, modeling, analysis, and feasibility study of a hybrid wind and water-pumping storage system. The system was designed and analyzed for King Talal Dam (KTD), which is in Northern Jordan. The importance of this study is that it is directed mainly to Jordan and the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region in general. The Jordanian renewable energy market is a promising arena that encourages developers, investors, engineers, and companies to develop and install pure renewable energy systems and renewable energy hybrid projects for the generation of electricity. The analysis of wind data is carried out using the “windfarm” software with 5.16 m/s as average wind speed. It is followed by the design of the hybrid system, which is simulated for a daily operation of 2–3 h as peak load hours. Based on the technical outcomes, cost study and feasibility analyses are carried out with Jordanian market prices. The total estimated annual energy production is 26,663,933 kWh from 10 MW wind farm and 5.2 MW pumping storage system. The aforementioned studies showed that a similar hybrid system is not always fully commercially feasible. However, a pure pumped-storage system proved to be technically feasible and assisting the grid. The whole project analysis determines that such a system boosts the operational stability of the grid, increases the penetration of renewable energy systems and reduces the energy import. In addition, 15,100,000 tons of CO2-equivalent is estimated as annual emissions reduction in this study.
Highlights
The increased use of renewable energy systems worldwide during recent decades has caused saturation in some local electrical grids
Wind rose software assumes the installation of the wind turbine rather than the meteorological mast in order to calculate the expected energy production of the wind turbine based on the measured data and its power curve
The results show the annual energy production with the capacity factors based on the time distribution and Weibull distribution
Summary
The increased use of renewable energy systems worldwide during recent decades has caused saturation in some local electrical grids. The primary cause of this saturation is the intermittent nature of the electrical power produced by these technologies and the subsequent stability issues that the grid operators are faced with, along with the ever-increasing demand for the application of green technologies mainly by public sectors and private local and international investors. Energy transformations require the use of pumps and hydraulic turbines to complete the cycle. Renewable energy systems come into play by providing their electrical output to the pumping stations instead of feeding them directly to the grid, avoiding the negative effects on network stability. Annual Energy Review 2008; Energy Information Administration, Official Energy Statistics from the US.
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