Abstract
At present, countries all around the world have implemented energy-saving and emission reduction measures to achieve carbon neutralization. The combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system is a high-efficiency energy system that can promote energy-saving and decrease carbon emissions. The choices of installed capacity and operation strategies impacts the economy, energy-saving, and environmental protection of combined cooling, heating, and power systems. The aim of this study was to determine the potential and comprehensive benefits of combined cooling, heating, and power systems based on the comprehensive performance assessment. In this study, a comprehensive performance index (CPI) method was presented to optimize the configurations and operation strategies of combined cooling, heating, and power systems in a Japan eco-campus, based on historically monitored data. According to the influencing factors of the combined cooling, heating, and power system in comprehensive performance index evaluation, the adaptability and development potential of economy, energy saving, and CO2 emission reduction were evaluated to consider future renovation of energy systems. In this study, we adopted a seasonal time-of-use (STOU) electricity price to evaluate the economic performance of combined cooling, heating, and power systems and compared them to the time-of-use (TOU) electricity price. The results indicated that the seasonal time-of-use electricity price was more economic in regions that had high cooling demand in summer. By comparing the CO2 emission coefficient of electricity in different regions in Japan, we could estimate that more than 40% of the cleaner energy ratio was positive. The results obtained can provide suggestions for the future development of combined cooling, heating, and power systems.
Highlights
Owing to the continuous growth in the world’s energy demand, the problems of energy consumption, greenhouse gas emission, and environmental pollution have become increasingly prominent (Jing et al, 2018)
It can be seen that the costsaving ratio was 25.02%, primary energy saving ratio was 41.14%, CO2 emission reduction ratio was −3.58%, and comprehensive performance index (CPI) was 20.86%
Because the CO2 emission coefficient of gas is 2.21 kg CO2/m3 and electricity is 0.463 kg CO2/kWh, the gas engine was only used for power generation; notably, more CO2 was generated when the recovered heat was not used
Summary
Owing to the continuous growth in the world’s energy demand, the problems of energy consumption, greenhouse gas emission, and environmental pollution have become increasingly prominent (Jing et al, 2018). The power generation efficiency of the gas engine and the coefficient of performance (COP) of the electric chiller affected the energy saving of the CCHP system. In Case 1, the power generation efficiency and thermal efficiency of the gas engine remained unchanged, and the COP of the electric chiller increased to 4. In Case 2, the COP of the electric chiller remained unchanged, and the power generation efficiency of the gas engine is increased to 0.45; to ensure that the comprehensive energy utilization rate remained unchanged, the thermal efficiency of the gas engine was reduced to 0.327. In Case 3, the power generation efficiency of the gas engine increased to 0.45, thermal efficiency reduced to 0.327, and the COP of the electric chiller increased to 4. The hourly electricity, cooling, and heating demands were obtained through the energy center of the KSRP (Figure 3)
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