Abstract
Air emissions related to the transportation sector has been identified as the second largest emitter of ambient air quality in Indonesia. This is due to large numbers of private vehicles commuting within the city as well as inter-city. A questionnaire survey was conducted in Semarang city involving 711 private vehicles consisting of cars and motorcycles. The survey was conducted in random parking lots across the Semarang districts and in vehicle workshops. Based on the parking lot survey, the average distance private cars travelled in kilometers (VKT) was 17,737 km/year. The machine start-up number of cars during weekdays; weekends were on average 5.19 and 3.79 respectively. For motorcycles the average of kilometers travelled was 27,092 km/year. The machine start-up number of motorcycles during weekdays and weekends were on average 5.84 and 3.98, respectively. The vehicle workshop survey showed the average kilometers travelled to be 9,510 km/year for motorcycles, while for private cars the average kilometers travelled was 21,347 km/year. Odometer readings for private cars showed a maximum of 3,046,509 km and a minimum of 700 km. Meanwhile, for motorcycles, odometer readings showed a maximum of 973,164 km and a minimum of roughly 54.24 km. Air pollutant emissions on East-West routes were generally higher than those on South-North routes. Motorcycles contribute significantly to urban air pollution, more so than cars. In this study, traffic congestion and traffic volume contributed much more to air pollution than the impact of fluctuating terrain.
Highlights
A questionnaire survey was conducted in Semarang city involving 711 private vehicles consisting of cars and motorcycles
The survey was conducted in random parking lots across the Semarang districts and in vehicle workshops
Average kilometers travelled for private cars was 17,737 km/year with number of machine start-up during weekdays and weekends were on average 5.19 km/year and 3.79 km/year, respectively
Summary
Several measures have already been implemented in recent years for managing the transport sector and have co-benefited pollution reduction Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd renewing paratransit public transportation and introducing smart driving training All of these measures are implemented initially in big cities and claimed for conventional air pollutants mitigation as well as a reduction in GHGs. All of these measures are implemented initially in big cities and claimed for conventional air pollutants mitigation as well as a reduction in GHGs Such policies lack supporting data for calculating hypothetical reduction. To date, assessing air quality in a specific area requires a vehicle population estimation [2] In this case, identifying recent and detailed fleet being investigated is important. In this study, we aim to discover the different air pollutant emissions due to cars/motorcycles travelling different routes
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