Abstract
Attention of humanity is being increasingly focused on prevention of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases, including CO2 [1]. One of the main contributions to CO2 emissions is associated with the production of electric and thermal energy. Despite great efforts, aimed at developing renewable energy technologies, fossil fuels will dominate in this area of human activity for a very long time. Therefore, the capture of CO2, formed during the combustion of fossil fuels, is of particular importance. If air is used as a fuel oxidizer, the combustion products consist of more than 70% nitrogen. It is very difficult and expensive to separate carbon dioxide from this nitrogen. Promising solutions for carbon capture are associated with air separation and fuel combustion in pure oxygen. Recently, considerable attention has been paid to such cycles [2-4]. The gases temperature of a combustor chamber exit is regulated by the supply of CO2 and H2O to a combustion zone. In this case, a spent working fluid is almost entirely composed of a mixture of carbon dioxide and water vapor, which is easily divided into water and pure carbon dioxide. One of the options for such solutions involves a pressure increase for all components of the working fluid before injection them into a combustion chamber in a liquid phase by pumping equipment [5]. Thermodynamic cycles, in which a pressure of the working fluid is increased in the liquid phase by pumping equipment (without a compressor), can be called compressorless.
Highlights
Compressorless cycles have a number of significant advantages that will serve as prerequisites for the implementation of such cycles in the nearest future.The main motivation for the implementation of compressorless cycles will be their environmental friendliness
Estimated evaluations showed that a power plant based on the compressorless cycle can provide an electrical efficiency of 40%, taking into account energy consumption for the plant own needs
Compressorless cycles promise to achieve the efficiency of electricity production no worse than the best modern combined-cycle gas turbine units (CCGT Units)
Summary
Compressorless cycles have a number of significant advantages that will serve as prerequisites for the implementation of such cycles in the nearest future. The power can be changed practically without changing the efficiency of the thermodynamic cycle by preserving the determining thermodynamic parameters (ratio of expansion in the turbine, temperature of hot and cold sources) and changing the pressure in the circuit due to changes of the working fluid flow rate Another very important advantage, associated with the ability to vary the pressure in the circuit, is the pressure increase in the circuit can significantly reduce the weight and dimensions of CCGT unit, thereby decreasing the capital costs of building the entire power plant as a whole. These boiler houses operate a few hours a year, but they require significant capital expenditures during the construction, and constant expenses for their maintenance Such a wide range of regulation of the ratio of generated capacities in CCGT unit, based on compressorless cycles, allows to eliminate the peak-load boiler houses. In order to create a scientific basis for the design of installations, based on compressorless combined cycles, it is planned to continue work in the following areas: development of program codes for research and optimization of compressorless combined cycles; search for optimal circuit designs for power plants that implement work on the basis of compressorless combined cycle; optimization of compressorless combined cycles parameters
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