Abstract

Biotransformation of triazolam to its alpha-hydroxy and 4-hydroxy metabolites by human liver microsomes in vitro was used as an index of human cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) activity. The reaction was strongly inhibited by co-incubation with the viral protease inhibitors ritonavir (IC50 = 0.14 microM) and amprenavir (IC50 = 2.5 2.9 microM), and by the azole derivative ketoconazole (IC50 = 0.07 microM). Pre-incubation of microsomes with ritonavir or amprenavir increased inhibitory potency (IC50 reduced to 0.07 microM and 1.4 microM, respectively). This was not the case with ketoconazole. Thus, ritonavir and amprenavir are highly potent mechanism-based inhibitors of human CYP3A isoforms.

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