Abstract
Cancer Targeting Gene-Viro-Therapy (CTGVT) is constructed by inserting an antitumor gene into an oncolytic virus (OV). It is actually an OV-gene therapy, which has much better antitumor effect than either gene therapy alone or virotherapy alone in our previously published papers. This study is a modification of CTGVT by inserting a colorectal cancer (CRC) specific suppressor gene, ST13, into a CRC specific oncolytic virus, the Ad·CEA·E1A(Δ24), to construct the Ad·(ST13)·CEA·E1A(Δ24) for increasing the targeting tropism to colorectal cancer and it was briefly named as CTGVT-CRC. Although many studies on CEA promoter and ST13 gene were reported but no construct has been performed to combine both of them as a new strategy for colorectal cancer (CRC) specific therapy. In addition to the CRC specificity, the antitumor effect of Ad·(ST13)·CEA·E1A(Δ24) was also excellent and got nearly complete inhibition (not eradication) of CRC xenograft since ST13 was an effective antitumor gene with less toxicity, and a Chinese patent (No. 201110319434.4) was available for this study. Ad·(ST13)·CEA·E1A(Δ24) caused cell apoptosis through P38 MAPK (i.e. P38) which upregulated CHOP and ATF2 expression. The mitochondrial medicated apoptosis pathway was activated by the increase of caspase 9 and caspase 3 expression.
Highlights
Cancer is a major global public health concern
To determine the E1A(D24) and suppression of tumorigenicity 13 (ST13) expression of the various viruses, the colorectal cancer (CRC) SW620 cell line was infected with either Ad?(ST13)?Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)?E1A(D24), Ad?(EGFP) CEA?E1A(D24), or the typical oncolytic virus ONYX-015 at an MOI of 5
The results showed that the Ad?(ST13)?CEA?E1A(D24) vector induced specific ST13 expression and the greatest E1A(D24) expression (Fig. 1C) in detectable CRC cells
Summary
Cancer is a major global public health concern. A total of 1,529,560 new cancer cases and 569,490 deaths from cancer occurred in the United States alone in 2010 [1]. Colorectal cancer is the second highest cause of death in the USA and is the fourth most common cancer in men and the third most common cancer in women worldwide [2] It is essential for scientists and medical doctors to develop new strategies for colon cancer treatment. One strategy that was initiated by us in 1999 through 2011, termed Cancer Targeting Gene-Viro-Therapy (CTGVT), involves the insertion of an antitumor gene into an oncolytic virus (OV) [3,4]. The CTGVT (OV-gene) is timely becoming a hot topic since Amgen paid 1 billion USD to purchase the OncoHSV-GM-CSF (OV from Herpes Simplex Virus) from BioVex [9] and the OncoPox-GMCSF has been published in Nature, 2011 [10]
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