Abstract
Hyperpigmentation is a disorder of facial skin pigments due to an increase in the process of melanogenesis, which can cause a darkening of skin color. A flavonoid compound with potential as a skin-lightening agent is quercetin, commonly found in Moringa oleifera L. leaves. This study aims to determine quercetin’s affinity and molecular mechanism on tyrosinase enzyme target proteins using an in-silico molecular docking method. Docking of quercetin with the tyrosinase enzyme produced a bond energy value of -7.08 kcal/mol. In comparison, the tropolone as a native ligand with the tyrosinase enzyme produced -4.79 kcal/mol. Quercetin has a strong affinity for the tyrosinase enzyme, indicated by the bond energy results from docking. Quercetin extraction from Moringa oleifera L. leaves using three different extraction methods: maceration, soxhlation, and reflux were made. The chromatogram from the TLC-Densitometry method showed the identification result in maceration and soxhlation extract containing quercetin, while reflux extract did not contain quercetin. The highest quercetin was obtained in the maceration method with a level of 21.57% w/w, while the soxhlation received quercetin as much as 18.49% w/w. In-vitro tests were carried out using a spectrophotometric method using a comparison of kojic acid. The in-vitro test found that IC50 from kojic acid was 48.90 µg/mL and IC50 of the extract from moringa leaf maceration of 115.36 µg/mL. Based on this research, quercetin compounds in Moringa oleifera L. leaves from maceration can potentially be skin-lightening agents.
Highlights
Most tropical country women assume that light-colored skin, free of brownish stains, is the hallmark of beautiful skin
This measurement was carried out by measuring the absorbance of the L-Dopa solution, which was added with the enzyme tyrosinase in phosphate buffer solution, which was incubated for 15 minutes (Lukitaningsih and Holzgrabe 2014)
The linear equation obtained from the curve is used to calculate the IC50 value of quercetin from moringa leaves extracts and kojic acid which have tyrosinase inhibitory activity of 50%
Summary
Most tropical country women assume that light-colored skin, free of brownish stains, is the hallmark of beautiful skin. The in-vitro test was done by measuring the dopachrome uptake first to obtain the maximum dopachrome wavelength This measurement was carried out by measuring the absorbance of the L-Dopa solution, which was added with the enzyme tyrosinase in phosphate buffer solution, which was incubated for 15 minutes (Lukitaningsih and Holzgrabe 2014). The plot in the curve between Moringa leaves extracts concentration and kojic acid vs % inhibition and IC50 could be calculated. Percentage of inhibition data were used to determine IC50 values by plotting moringa leaves extracts concentrations, kojic acid concentration vs % inhibition. The linear equation obtained from the curve is used to calculate the IC50 value of quercetin from moringa leaves extracts and kojic acid which have tyrosinase inhibitory activity of 50%
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