Abstract
Disease caused by potato virus Y (PVY) infection is becoming a major constraint of sustainable potato production throughout the world and causes significant financial loss. Therefore, the improved scientific understanding about PVY population structure, genetic variability, and evolutionary dynamics is required for the development of management strategies against PVY infection. In this chapter we provide updated information about PVY genetic variability and factors that drive PVY evolution. The evolutionary dynamics of PVY seems to be robustly coupled to purifying selection in association with neutral evolution and some sporadic actions of positive selection. Recombination is a major driving force for evolution of PVY genome associated with natural selection and mutation. P1, NIb, CI, and HC-Pro regions of PVY genome showed higher sequence variability, dN/dS ratio, and higher number of mutation sites. Values of genetic distances in analyzed sequences revealed that the variations are distributed throughout of PVY genome. We also analyzed transition /transversion bias in 100 PVY complete genome sequences and obtain that the transitions are more favorable than the transversions. Recombination map of several PVY strains provides new insight in the emergence of new variants of PVY.
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