Abstract
Bacterial wilt and brown rot disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) is one of the major constraints of potato (Solanum tuberosum) production around the globe. During 2017 to 2018, an extensive field survey was conducted in six potato-growing provinces of Iran to monitor the status of bacterial wilt disease. Pathogenicity and host range assays using 59 bacterial strains isolated in Iran showed that they were pathogenic on eggplant, red nightshade, pepper, potato and tomato, while nonpathogenic on common bean, cowpea, cucumber, sunflower, zinnia and zucchini. PCR-based diagnosis revealed that the strains belong to the phylotype IIB/sequevar 1 (IIB/I) lineage of the RSSC. Furthermore, a five-gene multilocus sequence analysis and typing (egl, fliC, gyrB, mutS, and rplB) confirmed the phylogenetically near-homogeneous nature of the strains within IIB/I lineage. Four sequence types were identified among 58 IIB/1 strains isolated in Iran. Phylogenetically near-homogeneous nature of the strains in Iran raise questions about the mode of inoculum entry of the bacterial wilt pathogen into the country (one-time introduction versus multiple introductions), while the geographic origin of the Iranian R. solanacearum strains remains undetermined. Furthermore, sequence typing showed that there were shared alleles (haplotypes) and sequence types among the strains isolated in geographically distant areas in Iran, suggesting intranational transmission of the pathogen in the country.
Highlights
Bacterial wilt and brown rot disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) is one of the major constraints of potato (Solanum tuberosum) production around the globe
No bacterial wilt symptoms were observed on eggplant, pepper, and tomato plants surveyed in the geographic areas described above
We describe the geographic distribution, host range, and phylogenetic position of 59 R. solanacearum strains associated with potato bacterial wilt symptoms in Iran
Summary
Bacterial wilt and brown rot disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) is one of the major constraints of potato (Solanum tuberosum) production around the globe. During 2017 to 2018, an extensive field survey was conducted in six potato-growing provinces of Iran to monitor the status of bacterial wilt disease. A fivegene multilocus sequence analysis and typing (egl, fliC, gyrB, mutS, and rplB) confirmed the phylogenetically near-homogeneous nature of the Solanaceous crops, i.e., eggplant (Solanum melongena), pepper (Capsicum spp.), potato (S. tuberosum), and tomato (S. lycopersicum), comprise a large fraction of food resources in Iran following wheat and rice (FAOSTAT 2018). The occurrence of pepper and tomato bacterial spot diseases caused by Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. Widespread distribution of Clavibacter michiganensis the causal agent of tomato bacterial canker was reported in Iran (Osdaghi et al 2018a)
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