POTASSIUM-USE EFFICIENCY IN COMMON BEAN GENOTYPES

Abstract

Potassium (K) is one of the most important nutrients limiting yield of common bean in South America. Use of K-efficient crop genotypes along with K fertilizer may be a viable strategy to improve yield and reduce cost of production. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate K-use efficiency of 10 promising genotypes of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The genotypes were grown on an Oxisol at 0 mg K kg−1 (low K) and 200 mg K kg−1 (high K) of soil. Shoot dry weight, grain yield, number of pods, number of grains, 100-grain weight, grain harvest index, and K harvest index were significantly (P < 0.01) affected by level of K as well as genotype, except for the number of pods by genotype. Significant genotypic differences in K-use efficiency were found. On the basis of K-use efficiency (mg grain weight/mg K accumulated in shoot and grain), genotypes were classified as efficient and responsive (ER), efficient and nonresponsive (ENR), nonefficient and responsive (NER), and non-efficient and non-responsive (NENR). Only genotype Diamante Negro was only classified as ER, and genotypes Carioca, Pérola, Rosinha G-2, and Xamego were classified as ENR. Genotypes LM93300166 and LM93300176 were in the group NER, and in the NENR group were genotypes Iraí, Jalo Precoce, and Novo Jalo. From a practical point of view, genotypes which produce high grain yield at a low level of K and respond well to added K are the most desirable because they are able to express their high yield potential in a wide range of K availability.