Postural Stability When Grasping an Object While Standing: Younger and Older Adults (Fallers and Non-Fallers)

Abstract

We investigated postural stability through the margin of stability (MoS) while reaching and grasping an object with increasing difficulty levels in younger, fallers and non-fallers. Forty-five individuals distributed into three groups participated in this study: younger adults (YA), non-fallers (OA), and fallers (FOA). They stood upright and reached and grasped a dowel. Six conditions combining the stability of the dowel’s base and obstacles close to the dowel were manipulated to characterize different difficulty levels. We computed the MoS in both anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) directions in the interval between reaching onset and dowel contact. From the MoS time series, we analyzed the minimum and maximum, including the time of occurrence of these events. The MoS was smaller for OA than for YA in both directions. In the ML direction, the minimum MoS was smaller for FOA than for YA. The minimum MoS took place earlier for FOA than YA in the AP direction. FOA and OA exhibited similar behavior with reduced MoS, suggesting impaired postural control during reaching-to-grasping in a standing posture. FOA used a more cautious strategy by reverting the MoS earlier than YA, allowing them to increase their MoS before YA when preparing to grasp the dowel.