Posttraumatic stress disorder checklist for DSM-5: Psychometric properties in a Japanese population

Abstract

BackgroundThe Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist (PCL) is a widely used self-report measure of PTSD. The reliability/precision and validity of the updated PCL version for the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (PCL-5) have only been evaluated in limited populations. This study aimed to examine the factor structure, reliability/precision, and validity of the PCL-5 as assessed by convergent and discriminant relationships with related constructs among Japanese individuals who experienced various traumatic events. MethodsWe conducted an online survey of Japanese adults using the PCL-5 and other assessments for PTSD, depression, anxiety, other psychiatric comorbidities, and functionality. A total of 3090 individuals who met a probable diagnosis of PTSD and another 1837 who had experienced traumatic events but did not meet the probable PTSD diagnosis answered the questionnaires. ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis demonstrated the best fit with a 7-factor model. This factor structure was temporally stable across 2 time points for 4 months. The total and subscale scores showed good internal consistency and modest test-retest reliability. The convergent and discriminant relationships of the PCL-5 total score with related constructs were demonstrated. LimitationsThis study did not use the gold standard interview to assess the diagnostic status of PTSD. Also, the sampled population was younger and had lower incomes in comparison to the census data. ConclusionsOur results support the utility of the PCL-5 for assessing PTSD symptoms in Asian populations.