Abstract
There is a small but growing body of evidence that documents the positive changes that may accrue following exposure to traumatic events. One hundred fifty-three Madrid residents completed measures of extraversion, neuroticism, depression, anxiety, posttraumatic growth, positive changes, negative changes, and demographics following the Madrid train bombings of March 11, 2004. Analyses revealed gender differences, such that women reported higher levels of positive changes and negative changes than did men. Posttraumatic growth and positive changes were significantly associated with extraversion, but not with depression or anxiety. Negative changes were significantly associated with neuroticism, depression, and anxiety. Discussion focuses on the further development of research into posttraumatic growth following indirect exposure to traumatic events.
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