Post-Syrian War Residential Heritage Transformations in the Old City of Aleppo: Socio-Cultural Sustainability Aspects

Christine Kousa,Barbara Lubelli,Uta Pottgiesser

doi:10.3390/su132112213

Christine Kousa, Barbara Lubelli + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/su132112213

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Abstract

The rehabilitation and sustainable transformation of residential heritage of the Old City of Aleppo (Syria) is one of the most pressing issues to regain the livability of this city. This research paper aims to gain insight into the residents’ conditions and needs by studying/mapping/analyzing the status of the residential heritage and the interventions on it during the aftermath of the city’s devastation. It also intends to provide a better understanding of the residents’ attitude towards living in the Old City, their expectation for its reconstruction and transformation, and the difficulties they encountered in the process. In fact, in order to start a collective reconstruction and transformation process, it is important to understand the readiness of the inhabitants and their financial capabilities to engage in this process. A combination of research methods was used to explore the above-mentioned issues and their relation to the socio-cultural sustainability. These methods included: gathering data in the field (specifically, Al-Jalloum, Al-Farafra and Al-Aqaba, three neighborhoods in the Old City of Aleppo, were used as case studies), and setting up a questionnaire (Winter 2020) and conducting interviews (Summer 2021) with 39 returnees and their families. AutoCAD and Excel programs were used for data visualization. This research has highlighted the main problems and factors that have affected the interventions on courtyard houses in the Old City of Aleppo since 2012—the outbreak of the Syrian War in Aleppo City. Lack of funds and craftmanship, high costs and long bureaucratic procedures related to the enforcement of the regulations have been identified as the main causes that discouraged the residents to carry out repairs in a proper way.

Highlights

In the 20th century, the traditional courtyard housing in the Old City of Aleppo was characterized by several phases of transformation
The second phase of transformation began in the early 1990s, with the start of the Rehabilitation of the Old City of Aleppo project; in this phase, some regulations were enacted and the interventions were supervised by local authorities
The concept of sustainable development was introduced by the Brundtland Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) in 1987: “Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs” [11]

Summary

Introduction

The second phase of transformation began in the early 1990s, with the start of the Rehabilitation of the Old City of Aleppo project; in this phase, some regulations were enacted and the interventions were supervised by local authorities. This phase was marked by a decrease in both housing division and housing reuse for new purposes [2]. Different researchers compiled sustainability criteria for residential buildings based on environmental, economic and social performance [16]

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