Abstract
This entry aims to explain the peculiarities of practicing sociocultural anthropology in the former Soviet Bloc, now twenty‐one countries of postcommunist Europe plus eastern Germany. The main problem for the establishment of anthropology in this region is the coexistence of ethnology with physical and sociocultural anthropology. Physical anthropology is the anthropology in postcommunist Europe. The rigidities of the German academic traditions still penetrate the whole of the region, while widespread nationalism supports internal ethnology rather than comparative sociocultural anthropology. A strong heritage of communist rule is reflected in both the subject matter and the methods of European postcommunist anthropology. A detailed presentation of the Czech case of anthropological postcommunism follows a general introduction.
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