Postprandial plasma amino acid and metabolite kinetics of adult and growing pigs fed a diet with a balanced or unbalanced amino acid profile

Abstract

Feeding diets with an unbalanced amino acid (AA) profile can reduce the postprandial AA utilization for protein synthesis. Growing pigs use dietary AA mainly for protein accretion, whereas non-lactating and non-pregnant adult pigs use AA mainly for maintenance. The requirement for AA for growth is much larger than that for maintenance and growing pigs may therefore be more affected by a diet with an unbalanced AA profile than adult pigs. This study aimed to compare the postprandial plasma AA and metabolite concentrations of adult and growing pigs after feeding a diet with either an unbalanced (UNB) or a balanced AA profile (BAL). The postprandial plasma concentrations of AA were used to study the influence of AA balance on postprandial AA metabolism. Extensively hydrolysed feathers (EHF) were used as an AA source. Both BAL and UNB contained EHF supplemented with L-Ala, L-Asp, L-Glu, Gly, and L-Trp while BAL was also supplemented with L-His, L-Ile, L-Lys, L-Met, and L-Tyr. Four growing and four male adult pigs were fitted with a jugular catheter and received each diet as a meal test thrice. The meal test consisted of giving a small meal after an overnight fast followed by serial blood collection for 360 min. A non-linear regression model was used to describe the postprandial plasma AA kinetics. Plasma kinetics of adult and growing pigs fed BAL resulted in a higher area under the curve (AUC) for the AA that were used to balance the diet. For the other AA, feeding BAL resulted in lower AUC, suggesting faster metabolic utilization of AA for protein synthesis. The apparent quantity of dietary AA appearing in the plasma after feeding was lower in adult pigs, suggesting higher first-pass AA utilization in the intestine and liver. For adult and growing pigs, balancing the AA profile of the diet resulted in faster overall metabolic utilization of AA as seen in the generally lower AUC of BAL compared to UNB.