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Abstract
Both postprandial hyperglycemia and insulin resistance (IR) have implications for the development of cardiovascular disease. The present study was designed to examine differences in postprandial glycemia and insulin sensitivity among young adults of different ethnic origins. Lean, healthy subjects (n = 60) from five ethnic groups [20 European Caucasians, 10 Chinese, 10 South East (SE) Asians, 10 Asian Indians and 10 Arabic Caucasians] were matched for age, body mass index, waist circumference, birth weight and current diet. A 75-g white bread carbohydrate challenge was fed to assess postprandial glycemia and insulinemia. Insulin sensitivity was assessed in three groups by the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp and in all subjects by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) modeling. Postprandial hyperglycemia (incremental area under the curve) and insulin sensitivity (M-value) both showed a twofold variation among the groups (P < 0.001) and were significantly related to each other (R(2) = 56%, P < 0.001). Young SE Asians had the highest postprandial glycemia and lowest insulin sensitivity, whereas European and Arabic Caucasian subjects were the most insulin sensitive and carbohydrate tolerant. These findings suggest that IR is evident even in lean, young adults of some ethnic groups and is associated with significant increases in postprandial glycemia and insulinemia in response to a realistic carbohydrate load.
Highlights
Recent studies have documented the importance of postprandial hyperglycemia as a risk factor for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the normal population
Insulin resistance (IR)2 and compensatory hyperinsulinemia are implicated in the development of dyslipidemia, hypertension, impaired fibrinolysis and other abnormalities that contribute to increased risk of coronary heart disease (10 –12)
The novel finding in the present study is that lean, young adults of Thai, Vietnamese (i.e., South East (SE) Asian) and Chinese origin displayed marked postprandial hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia compared with matched Caucasian subjects
Summary
Recent studies have documented the importance of postprandial hyperglycemia as a risk factor for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the normal population. In this context, the blood glucose concentration 2-h after a standard 75-g glucose tolerance test has been used as a measure of postprandial glycemia. INSULIN SENSITIVITY AND GLYCEMIA IN YOUNG ADULTS sensitivity and postprandial hyperglycemia/hyperinsulinemia can be present without overt signs of the metabolic syndrome. The aim of the present study was to examine differences in postprandial glycemia and insulinemia after a white bread meal and their relation to insulin sensitivity and IR among young adults of different ethnic origins. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp in three ethnic groups and by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) modeling in all five
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